New Sesquiterpenes from a Taiwanese Marine Sponge of the Genus Parahigginsia

An undescribed Taiwanese marine sponge of the genus Parahigginsia yielded two new sesquiterpene hydrocarbons-parahigginine ( 1 ) and parahigginone ( 2 ). The structures of the new compounds were established on the basis of NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric data. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against murine P-388 and human KB-16, A-549, and HT-29 tumor cells.     

Structure elucidation of four prenylindole derivatives from Streptomyces sp. isolated from Ailuropoda melanoleuca feces

Four new prenylindole derivatives, (R)‐6‐(2,3‐dihydroxy‐3‐methylbutyl)indole (1), (R)‐6‐(2,3‐dihydroxy‐3‐methylbutyl)indolin‐2‐one (2), and an unseparated mixture of (Z)‐6‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methylbut‐2‐en‐1‐yl)indolin‐2‐one (3a) and (E)‐6‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methylbut‐2‐en‐1‐yl)indolin‐2‐one (3b) with a ratio of 3 : 2, were isolated from the culture broth of a streptomycete isolated from Ailuropoda melanoleuca feces. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by Mosher's method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Structural determination of aspericins A?C,new furan and pyran derivates from the marine‐derived fungus Rhizopus sp. 2‐PDA‐61, by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy

Three new furan and pyran derivatives named aspericins A? C (1–3), as well as a known asperic acid (4), have been isolated from the marine‐derived fungus Rhizopus sp. 2‐PDA‐61. The complete ¹H and ¹³C NMR assignments for the new compounds were carried out using ¹H, ¹³C, DEPT, COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY NMR experiments. Compounds 1–3 were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities on P388, A549, HL‐60, and BEL‐7420 cell lines by the MTT and SRB methods. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

南靖亚热带雨林美刺亮大蚊栖息

在南靖和溪亚热带雨林中分布有数种大蚊,美刺亮大蚊(Limonia (Euglochina) sp.)是雨林中唯一观察到在圆蛛科蜘蛛网上栖息的大蚊.因此我们对美刺亮大蚊和圆蛛科蜘蛛在蜘蛛网上的同现行为进行了观察研究.借助扫描电镜技术,在比较了其他大蚊、蜘蛛等节肢动物前跗节超微结构的基础上,对美刺亮大蚊栖息于蜘蛛网行为学的形态学机制进行了初步解析.文中也对美刺亮大蚊的聚集行为与雨林温湿度的关系进行了记录.     

苯酚处理海洋微藻生物学效应的研究

主要探讨了在培养液中添加不同质量浓度(0、10、20、30、40、50、60 mg/L)的苯酚后,培养单细胞微藻(塔胞藻)产生的生物学效应.结果发现,苯酚对细胞繁殖有明显的抑制作用,特别是当苯酚质量浓度达到40 mg/L以上时,在前2轮培养的微藻的繁殖能力与对照相比均表现显著差异,个别处理甚至出现极显著差异.另外,苯酚处理后还降低藻细胞内的多种内含物(如蛋白质、叶绿素、多糖等)含量.但是,当连续培养多代后,藻细胞对不良环境就产生了一定的适应能力.     

植物颗粒剂对蜗牛和蛞蝓诱杀作用初报

利用药用植物的粉碎物配合对蜗牛和蛞蝓有引诱作用的食物引诱素及成型剂等原料制成的植物颗粒剂在室内和菜地进行诱杀实验，结果表明：植物颗粒剂对蜗牛和蛞蝓都有较强的诱杀效果，防效分别达到83．4％和67．8％，显示了一定的实用性。植物颗粒杀虫剂对环境无污染，对人畜及害虫天敌无毒害，是一种新型的低毒植物源农药。     

福州市郊分棘四棱线虫病的流行情况与中间宿主

本文报道分棘四棱线虫两种新的中间宿主：介形虫和蚤蝇，确定了介形虫为福州市郊分棘四棱线虫病的主要传播媒介，通过剖检得出，麻鸭、半番鸭的感染率达５３．２％和１１．１％，平均感染强度分别为３８．１只和１０．７只，文中从流行病学的角度探讨了该病的控制方法。     

Bamboo borer dust as a rich source of glucose-1-phosphate

Chemical characterization of bamboo borer dust (BBD) indicated that it contained 2.5 ±0.5% of an organic entity that was a watersoluble, acid-labile phosphate, nonreducing sugar with a retention period of 5.2 min on a sugar pack column during high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). It was subsequently identified and confirmed as glucose-1-phosphate (G-l-P) from its response to phosphoglucomutase and glucose-6-phosphatase treatment. Although the presence of G-l-P in such a large quantity in BBD is inexplicable, it provides a rare and rich source of G-l-P, making it a potential starting material for its isolation in pure state.     

拉恩氏菌LRP3诱导形成碱式磷酸锌沉淀及其在Zn污染土壤修复中的作用

采用批式和土壤培养实验考察拉恩氏菌LRP3对Zn的磷酸盐矿物诱导及其在Zn污染土壤修复中的作用, 并进行X射线衍射、 扫描电子显微镜、 能谱及Fourier变换红外光谱分析. 结果表明, 菌株LRP3对Zn²⁺的最大耐受质量浓度为120 mg/L; 对溶液中Zn²⁺的去除率为菌体细胞（97.4%）>发酵液（88.2%）>无菌发酵液（81.6%）; 菌株LRP3的发酵液可通过生物矿化作用诱导形成结晶良好的立方体状Zn₂(OH)PO₃矿物晶体; 菌株LRP3的发酵液加入土壤后可快速降低DTPA-Zn的质量比, 培养5 d后DTPA-Zn的质量比平均下降784%, 培养6 d后土壤中Zn的弱酸提取态和可氧化态的质量比分别下降72.5%和562%, 可还原态和残渣态的质量比分别增加85.1%和14.8%. 因此, 菌株LRP3对Zn²⁺具有较强的抗性和吸附能力, 可通过降解植酸释放磷酸根, 进一步诱导形成碱式磷酸锌矿物晶体, 从而降低土壤中Zn的生物有效性, 可用于Zn污染土壤的绿色可持续修复.     

Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of a new benzamide from endophytic Streptomyces sp. YIM 67086

A new benzamide (1) and four known compounds (2–5) were isolated from endophytic Streptomyces YIM67086, and their structures were determined as 2-amino-3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxybenzamide (1), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid (2), phenylacetic acid (3), N-acetyltyramine (4) and p-hydroxytruxinic acid (5). Compound 5 was first found in the microorganism. The antimicrobial activities of compounds 1–5 and antioxidant activity of compound 1 were investigated.