Determination of lignans in Wuweizi by using magnetic bar microextraction and HPLC

In this paper, a magnetic bar microextraction was developed to extract schisandrin A, schisantherin A, and deoxyschizandrin from Wuweizi. The analytes were determined by HPLC. A stainless‐steel wire was inserted into the hollow of the hollow fiber to make the magnetic bar. The bar can be used to stir the extraction system and extract the analytes, and was isolated from the extract system by magnetic force. Several experimental parameters, including type and volume of extraction solvent, the number of magnetic bars, extraction temperature and time, stirring speed and NaCl concentration were investigated and optimized. The LODs for schisandrin A, schisantherin A, and deoxyschizandrin were 0.14, 0.06, and 0.10 μg/mL, respectively. The recoveries were in the range of 70.90–106.67% and the RSDs were < 8.84%. Compared with ultrasound‐assisted and Soxhlet extraction, when the present method was applied, the extraction time was shorter, the sample amount was smaller, and the consumption of organic solvent was lower.     

The medicinal Umbelliferae plant Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.): Cultivation,traditional uses,phytopharmacological properties,and application in animal husbandry

Foeniculum vulgare Mill., commonly called fennel is one of the most popular perennial herbaceous plants used as herbal medicine and spices worldwide. It belongs to the family Umbelliferae or Apiaceae and is characterized by a distinct floral arrangement with an umbrella-like shape. In addition to other well-known Umbelliferae plants, such as carrot, celery, and angelica, fennel has been utilized ethnobotanically to cure various ailments, including gastrointestinal issues, hormonal disorders, reproductive, and respiratory diseases. This review aims to update the information on conventional usage, cultivation, phytopharmacological properties, and other applications of F. vulgare Mill. in animal husbandry. Ethnobotanical studies have shown its medicinal uses worldwide; some tribes have reported its medicinal uses and how they use different parts of the plant. Alkaloids, essential oils, phenols, fatty acids, and amino acids are examples of natural phytochemicals that have been characterized and biologically tested for their medicinal potential. Fennel has been used to treat ten categories of diseases over the last two decades. Pharmacological studies revealed that the Umbelliferae plant has antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-anxiety, gastro-protective, estrogenic-like, cardiovascular, lipid, anti-mutagenic, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer activity, hepatoprotective, and memory-protective properties. Fennel extract is used as a potential phytogenic agent to enhance the productivity and quality of animal husbandry. Finally, the present study may provide up-to-date information on the medicinal application of F. vulgare from ethnobotanical and phytopharmacological perspectives and could be further explored to provide a broader benefit to humankind.     

Genus Morinda: An insight to its ethnopharmacology,phytochemistry, pharmacology and Industrial Applications

Background of the studyThe genus Morinda of the Madder family, (Rubiaceae) has been widely documented in traditional medicine due to its therapeutic properties and also, contributed a great deal in chemical industry. Different parts of Morinda species have traditionally been used to treat malaria, diabetes, memory loss, cancer, inflammation, skin infections, and typhoid fever.Aim and ObjectivesThe review provide a critical and innovative information on the traditional uses, phytochemical constituents, and industrial applications of the genus Morinda. This will help researchers understand future research trends by bridging the gap between documented literature and contemporary uses.MethodologyAll the systematic literature data or information on the genus Morinda was collected via selected electronic databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Springer, Medline, ChemSpider, Taylor and Francis, Google Scholar, SciFinder, ScienceDirect and Wiley. Relevant book chapters, Wikipedia and books were also explored.ResultsThe study reveals that different parts of Morinda plants have been extensively used for folkloric therapeutic purposes and are a plethora of mineral or nutritional benefits and secondary metabolites. Several classes of bioactive compounds have been elucidated from Morinda plants via spectroscopic and chromatographic phytochemical analyses. Compounds such as terpenoids, glycosides, anthraquinones, polyphenols, steroids, saponins and reducing sugars are among the bioactive substances reported in the genus. Plant extracts, fractions and isolates of Morinda plants have exhibited pronounced antidiabetic, antioxidant, antiplasmodial, antidepressant, wound healing, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects (in vitro and in vivo). These pharmacological activities exhibited could be linked to the presence of secondary metabolites reported. The applications of this genus is well documented in textile, metallurgical, agrochemicals and food industries.ConclusionA number of reports on Morinda showed significant therapeutic effect against several diseases such as cancer, dermal infection, diabetes, inflammation, malaria, typhoid, cholera and memory loss, however, there were several drawback in previous reports including mechanism of action, drug dose, controls and toxicological data of extracts or isolates. In view of this, further studies should emphasis on targeting active secondary metabolites which responsible for the therapeutic activities, structural elucidation and toxicological assessment. Furthermore, industrial uses require authentication.     

Two novel C18-diterpenoid alkaloids,sinomontadine with an unprecedented seven-membered ring A and chloride-containing sinomontanine N from Aconitum sinomontanum

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中药微量元素研究的最新进展和展望

阐述了微量元素与中药的提出了中药微量元素的正确研究思路，回顾了中药中化学物种形态与生活物活性关系研究所取得的进展，并指出了有发展前途的研究方向。     

基于激光诱导击穿光谱技术对钢中Mn和Cr元素的定量分析

采用激光诱导击穿光谱分析技术对钢样中锰、铬两种微量元素的含量进行了测量.实验研究发现,最优取样的延迟时间为2.0μs,最佳激光光束聚焦位置和光谱收集探头分别位于样品表面以下3.5mm和表面以上1.5mm处.以Mn Ⅰ:403.07 nm和Cr Ⅰ:427.48 nm作为分析线,分别采用传统定量分析和内定标的方法对钢样中...     

Ultrasound-assisted green syntheses of novel pyrimidine derivatives and their comparison with conventional methods

Ultrasound-assisted green syntheses of novel potentially bioactive pyrimidine derivatives have been carried out. The same compounds were obtained by conventional methods of synthesis, and the reaction times and yields of final products obtained by these two methods were compared. It was found that the time of utrasound-promoted reactions was reduced by almost 6–96 times, and their yields were equal or turn out to be greater compared to the traditional approach. The synthesized compounds showed a pronounced stimulating effect on plant growth. The most active derivatives were selected for deeper biological studies and subsequent field trials.     

Differential distribution of phytochemicals in Scutellariae Radix and Scutellariae Amoenae Radix using microscopic mass spectrometry imaging

Scutellariae Radix, the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, is widely applied in China for the treatment of fever, ulcer, bronchitis, hepatitis and inflammatory symptoms. Sctuellariae Amoenae Radix, the root of Scutellaria amoena C.H. Wright, is often prescribed as the substitute for Scutellariae Radix. Up to now, no attempt has been made to unveil and compare the localization of phytochemicals in Scutellariae Radix and its succedaneum. This investigation succeeded to look into the differential distribution of natural compounds in Scutellariae Radix and Scutellariae Amoenae Radix using microscopic mass spectrometry imaging. Compounds presenting different distribution modes in two kinds of roots were sorted out, then a quick method for the differentiation between Scutellariae Radix and Scutellariae Amoenae Radix was established. Accumulation sites of baicalein, baicalin, wogonin and wogonoside in Scutellariae Radix were also uncovered using microscopic mass spectrometry imaging. Moreover, the application of matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry allowed the on-tissue dissociation of major flavonoids. Overall, the utilization of microscopic mass spectrometry imaging and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry provided a novel perspective for the discovery of natural compounds within medicinal plants.     

浅谈临床辨证论治

中医辨证论治理论在临床应用中的探讨,及辩证论治与理法方药的临床灵活运用分析。     

Kinetic features of Gualou-Xiebai-Banxia decoction,a classical traditional Chinese medicine formula,in rat plasma and intestine content based on its metabolic profile

Gualou-Xiebai-Banxia decoction (GXB) is a famous classical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula for the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD, namely chest stuffiness and pain syndrome in Chinese medicine). Compared with Gualou-Xiebai-Baijiu decoction, which only consists of Trichosanthis Pericarpium (TP), Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus (AMB) and wine, GXB comprises one additional herbal medicine, Pinellinae Rhizoma Praeparatum (PRP). However, due to a lack of kinetic profile studies on GXB, its in vivo components with high exposure remain unknown, making it difficult to interpret bioactive components likely linked to its efficacy, but also fails to provide substance-related evidence for reflecting the compatibility in GXB. The goal of this study was to systematically characterize the kinetic features of GXB in rat plasma and intestine content for revealing its in vivo high-exposure components on the basis of their metabolic fates, and to compare the kinetic differences between GXB and GXB-dePRP (GXB deducted PRP) for describing the chemical contribution of PRP to the compatibility in GXB. Firstly, the metabolic profile of GXB was systematically investigated by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS. Subsequently, quantitative methods for representative xenobiotics in rat plasma and intestine content were respectively validated and developed by UPLC-TQ-MS. Then, the established approaches were successfully applied to characterize the kinetic features of GXB through estimating pharmacokinetic parameters. These results showed that only a few kinds of xenobiotics at low exposure levels were observed in plasma, while various xenobiotics possessed high exposure in intestine content. Among them, steroidal saponins and triterpenoid saponins displayed relatively high exposure in plasma and intestine content, which are likely associated with the therapeutic effects of GXB. Moreover, there were no significant differences between metabolic profiles of GXB and GXB-dePRP, whereas the pharmacokinetic parameters, including area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) and C_max (p < 0.05) for most xenobiotics in GXB were significantly larger than those in GXB-dePRP, implying that the introduction of PRP improved the bioavailability of constituents from TP and AMB. Altogether, this study laid a solid foundation and provided theoretical guidance for further clarification of bioactive components of GXB, as well as the synergistic effect of PRP to the compatibility in GXB.