满族陈汉军旗萨满祭祀的特点及唱词的主要内容

陈汉军旗萨满祭祀是经历了几代人而积淀起来的民俗文化。长期以来，这种具有原始色彩的、大型的、公开性的群众祭祀活动，一直充实着关东人们的生活，并且成为民众文化生活的主要精神食粮。作为清代八旗汉军的一种主要的祭祀形式，陈汉军旗萨满祭祀曾广泛流行于东北三省，同时也为我们多角度研究八旗史与民族关系史，提供了丰富的内容。     

中国苦苣苔科植物中王文采旧分类系统与Weber新分类系统的名实更替

自从引入分子系统学的观点和技术手段以来,我国的苦苣苔科植物在属一级水平上的撤销、合并、转置、扩增等修订与再修订工作多次发生。众多物种的系统位置变迁、学名的更替变换对我国科研人员在国产苦苣苔科植物研究、成果发表方面造成了很大的混乱和困扰。为协助不同学科方向的学者更好地理解我国苦苣苔科植物系统修订与变更前后的过渡关系,同时解决苦苣苔科分类系统发生的变化导致出现的大量相关拉丁学名和中文名错用的现象,本文研究了自2011年中国苦苣苔科植物新系统构建以来,中文科技论文中中国苦苣苔科植物名称(包括学名和中文名,主要是学名)更替上出现的混淆问题,并据此展开分析。从学科和时间的角度看,2012—2017年,中文科技文献中修订前的属名仍然大量出现,以唇柱苣苔属为首,出现在园林植物学、植物生态学、植物生理学、植物化学、中药学等学科之中,但随着新分类系统逐渐被接受,旧学名出现的频度开始出现下降。进一步统一修订后的我国苦苣苔科植物学名和中文名,对于提高中文科技期刊的科学性具有重要的意义。     

GC-ECD法测定中药配方颗粒中20种有机氯农药残留量

本研究在于建立10种中药配方颗粒中20种有机氯农药:六六六(α-BHC、β-BHC、γ-BHC和δ-BHC 4种异构体),滴滴涕(pp′-DDE、pp′-DDD、pp′-DDT和op′-DDT 4种同系物),五氯硝基苯,艾试剂,七氯,环氧七氯,异狄氏剂,狄氏剂,六氯苯,五氯苯胺,五氯甲基苯硫醚,顺氯丹,反氯丹和氧氯丹残留量的GC-ECD测定方法。将配方颗粒样品经乙酸乙酯超声提取,再经Florisil固相萃取小柱及硫酸磺化净化,采用DB-5气相毛细管色谱柱(柱长60m,内径0.25mm,膜厚0.25μm)检测。所使用的方法为程序升温,ECD检测器检测,内标法定量,进样口温度250℃,检测器温度300℃,载气为高纯氮气(99.999%),流速为1.0mL·min~(-1),脉冲不分流进样,进样量为1μL。结果表明:20种农药成分在2～100μg/L时有良好的线性关系。20种农药成分加标回收率范围为71.37%～118.06%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.19%～7.88%。该方法简便、准确,可应用于中药配方颗粒中20种有机氯农药留量的同时检测。     

五行针灸:一种源于中国的心身疗愈方法

 通过总结心身医学起源与发展历史,概述现代医学心身疾病治疗现状,阐明随着生物-心理-社会医学模式的确立,现代医学已经认识到心理因素对大多数疾病的发生、发展都有着广泛的影响,但现有心身治疗手段仍存在很大局限。回顾了中医学中的心身医学理念及特色,指出中医学理论体系中自始至终秉承了心身合一的思想,五行针灸便是其中独具特色的一个代表性针灸学派。梳理了对五行针灸这一自然疗愈针灸学派的的源流、传承及诊疗特色。基于现代心理学回归东方这一背景,展望了五行针灸未来的发展。指出东西方两种文化必然会相互启发、相互补充,五行针灸这一源于中国的心身疗愈方法定会与蓬勃发展的心身医学一道携手前行,更深入、更有效地帮助受心身疾病困扰的患者。     

中文篇章零元素语料库构建

针对中文零指代问题, 从篇章视角进行理论分析, 并完成中文篇章零元素语料库(Chinese Discourse Zero Corpus, CDZC)的构建工作。首先, 整理和分析已有的理论研究以及语料资源, 探究篇章层面中文零元素语料库标注的必要性。然后, 采用自底向上、前向搜索的标注策略和人机结合的半自动标注方式, 完成CDZC语料库的构建。最后, 对该语料库进行一系列详细的统计分析。结果表明, CDZC能够充分反映出中文零元素省略的语言特点, 为相关研究提供语料资源支持。     

基于CNN-CRF的中文电子病历命名实体识别研究

智慧医疗技术的发展让我们不满足仅使用传统方法做医学研究。针对中文电子病历实体识别问题,设计了一种基于卷积神经网络结合条件随机场(convolutional neural network-conditional random field,CNN-CRF)的实体识别算法框架。为得到高质量的词向量,将标注实体加入词典进行分词,并将已标注和未标注文本作为语料,用word2vec工具对已分词文本进行无监督学习;为避免扩张卷积层数增加导致过拟合,采用迭代扩张卷积处理输入向量,并使用dropout随机丢弃一些连接;运用条件随机场对网络的分类结果进行修正。把该方法在中文电子病历上进行对比试验,从病历中提取出身体部位,疾病,症状,检查及治疗5类实体。实验结果表明,该方法能有效地辨别病历中的实体,其识别的准确率、召回率和f1值分别为90.01%,90.62%,90.31%,准确率和速率比传统方法都有一定提高。     

Simultaneous quantification of 10 saponins in Chinese Shizhu Panax by UPLC-ESI-MS

A simple and rapid method was established and validated for the simultaneous quantification of 10 saponins, namely ginsenosides-Rb₁, Rb₂, Rb₃, Rc, Rd, Rg₁, Rg₂, Re, Rf and Notoginsenside R₁, in Chinese Shizhu Panax by ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with an electrospray mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS). In addition, the contents of the analytes in different parts of Chinese Shizhu Panax were also analysed. The results showed that the concentration of saponins had a reference to the different parts of Chinese Shizhu Panax. The established method could be used as a new analytical approach for assessment of the quantity of Chinese Shizhu Panax.     

Simultaneous chemical fingerprint and quantitative analysis of Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae by accelerated solvent extraction and high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae (RSG) is a well‐known herbal medicine with the homology of medicine and food. In this study, simultaneous chemical fingerprint and quantitative analysis of the bioactive flavonoid components of RSG were developed using accelerated solvent extraction and high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with ion trap tandem mass spectrometry. The operational parameters of accelerated solvent extraction including extraction solvent, extraction temperature, static extraction time, solid‐to‐liquid ratio, and extraction cycles were optimized. Hierarchical cluster analysis, similarity analysis, and principal component analysis were performed to evaluate the similarity and variation of the samples collected from several provinces in China. Subsequently, high‐performance liquid chromatography fingerprints were established for the discrimination of 16 batches of RSG samples, and the major six flavonoids, namely, toxifolin, neoastilbin, astilbin, neoisoastilbin, isoastilbin, and engeletin were then quantitatively determined. The calibration curves for all the six analytes showed good linearity (r² > 0.999), and the limits of detection and quantification were less than 0.10 and 0.27 μg·mL^?1, respectively. Therefore, the proposed extraction and determination methods were proved to be robust and reliable for the quality control of RSG.     

Systematic chemical profiling of a multicomponent Chinese herbal formula Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupoletime‐of‐flight mass spectrometry

Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan, a Chinese herbal formula consisting of 11 different herbs, has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of arthritis and other chronic inflammatory diseases. However, the chemical compositions of Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan are not completely characterized. In the present study, an ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry method in positive and negative ion modes was employed to identify biochemical constitutes in Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan. As a result, a total of 76 compounds including alkaloids, monoterpene glycosides, iridoids, phenolic acids, and tanshinones, coumarins, lactones, flavones, and their glycosides, triterpenes, and triterpene saponins were characterized by comparing the retention time and mass spectrometry data with reference standards within 5 ppm error or by reference to the reference literature. These results would provide the basis for a further in vivo study of Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan and information for potential new drug candidates for treating arthritis and other chronic inflammatory diseases.     

Determination of hexavalent chromium in traditional Chinese medicines by high‐performance liquid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

An analytical method that combined high‐performance liquid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry has been developed for the determination of hexavalent chromium in traditional Chinese medicines. Hexavalent chromium was extracted using the alkaline solution. The parameters such as the concentration of alkaline and the extraction temperature have been optimized to minimize the interconversion between trivalent chromium and hexavalent chromium. The extracted hexavalent chromium was separated on a weak anion exchange column in isocratic mode, followed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry determination. To obtain a better chromatographic resolution and sensitivity, 75 mM NH₄NO₃ at pH 7 was selected as the mobile phase. The linearity of the proposed method was investigated in the range of 0.2–5.0 μg L^?1 (r² = 0.9999) for hexavalent chromium. The limits of detection and quantitation are 0.1 and 0.3 μg L^?1, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied to the determination of hexavalent chromium in Chloriti lapis and Lumbricus with satisfactory recoveries of 95.8–112.8%.