Classification of malignant gliomas by infrared spectroscopic imaging and linear discriminant analysis

Infrared (IR) spectroscopy provides a sensitive molecular fingerprint for tissue without external markers. Supervised classification models can be trained to identify the tissue type based on the spectroscopic fingerprint. Infrared imaging spectrometers equipped with multi-channel detectors combine the spectral and spatial information. Tissue areas of 4 x 4 mm(2) can be analyzed within a few minutes in the macroscopic imaging mode. An approach is described to apply this methodology to human astrocytic gliomas, which are graded according to their malignancy from one to four. Multiple IR images of three tissue sections from one patient with a malignant glioma are acquired and assigned to the six classes normal brain tissue, astrocytoma grade II, astrocytoma grade III, glioblastoma multiforme grade IV, hemorrhage, and other tissue by a linear discriminant analysis model which was trained by data from a single-channel detector. Before the model is applied here, the spectra are shown to be virtually identical. The first specimen contained approximately 95% malignant glioma regions, that means astrocytoma grade III or glioblastoma. The smaller percentage of 12-34% malignant glioma in the second specimen is consistent with its location at the tumor periphery. The detection of less than 0.2% malignant glioma in the third specimen points to a location outside the tumor. The results were correlated with the cellularity of the tissue which was obtained from the histopathologic gold standard. Potential applications of IR spectroscopic imaging as a rapid tool to complement established diagnostic methods are discussed.     

Self-assembly in magnetic supramolecular hydrogels

Most recent advances in the synthesis of supramolecular hydrogels based on low molecular weight gelators (LMWGs) have focused on the development of novel hybrid hydrogels, combining LMWGs and different additives. The dynamic nature of the noncovalent interactions of supramolecular hydrogels, together with the specific properties of the additives included in the formulation, allow these novel hybrid hydrogels to present interesting features, such as stimuli-responsiveness, gel-sol reversibility, self-healing and thixotropy, which make them very appealing for multiple biomedical and biotechnological applications. In particular, the inclusion of magnetic nanoparticles in the hydrogel matrix results in magnetic hydrogels, a particular type of stimuli-responsive materials that respond to applied magnetic fields. This review focuses on the recent advances in the development of magnetic supramolecular hydrogels, with special emphasis in the role of the magnetic nanoparticles in the self-assembly process, as well as in the exciting applications of these materials.     

不同抗凝比例对凝血四项检测结果的影响

目的观察并分析凝血四项检测结果与不同比例下的全血与抗凝剂之间的关系。方法研究对象取2015年6月来湖北省宜昌市第二人民医院参加体检的110例健康人员,抽取全血血液样本后按照不同比例与抗凝剂混匀,常规分离血浆并测定受试者凝血酶时间(TT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、激活部分促凝血酶原激酶时间(APTT)以及纤维蛋白原(FIB),并对研究结果相关数据作统计学处理。结果当血液量与抗凝剂比例为1∶5时,标本TT、PT、APTT以及FIB各项指标较1∶9时差异显著而具有统计学意义(P0.05);抗凝比例1∶7的情况下,TT指标差异与1∶9抗凝比例标本相比差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),而PT、FIB以及APTT三项指标差异并无统计学意义(P0.05);抗凝比例为1∶11与1∶13的情况下,TT指标与1∶9抗凝比例标本相比差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),而PT、FIB以及APTT三项指标差异并无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论凝血四项检测工作中,标本质量检测控制最关键的环节在于准确采集血液量,倘若采集血量过多或过少,导致与抗凝剂比例失调往往会影响测定结果准确性,检验科工作人员应予以重视。     

Mass spectral analysis and imaging of tissue by ToF-SIMS—The role of buckminsterfullerene, C60, primary ions

Recent developments in desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry techniques have made their application to biological analysis a realistic and successful proposition. Developments in primary ion source technology, mainly through the advent of polyatomic ion beams, have meant that the technique of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) can now access the depths of information required to allow biological imaging to be a viable option.Here the role of the primary ion C₆₀⁺ is assessed with regard to molecular imaging of lipids and pharmaceuticals within tissue sections. High secondary ion yields and low surface damage accumulation are demonstrated on both model and real biological samples, indicating the high secondary ion efficiency afforded to the analyst by this primary ion when compared to other cluster ion beams used in imaging. The newly developed 40 keV C₆₀⁺ ion source allows the beam to be focused such that high resolution imaging is demonstrated on a tissue sample, and the greater yields allow the molecular signal from the drug raclopride to be imaged within tissue section following in vivo dosing.The localisation shown for this drug alludes to issues regarding the chemical environment affecting the ionisation probability of the molecule; the importance of this effect is demonstrated with model systems and the possibility of using laser post-ionisation as a method for reducing this consequence of bio-sample complexity is demonstrated and discussed.     

支持向量机结台主成分分析辅助激光诱导击穿光谱技术识别鲜肉品种

为提高激光诱导击穿光谱技术(Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy,LIBS)对鲜肉品种的识别率,采用支持向量机结合主成分分析算法辅助LIBS技术对鲜肉品种进行识别.对鲜肉切片用载玻片压平,采用LIBS技术对鲜肉组织(猪肉、牛肉和鸡肉)表面进行光谱数据的采集,每种鲜肉采集150幅光谱并进行随机排列,取前75幅光谱作为训练集建立模型,后75幅作为测试集测试建模结果.研究选取K、Ca、Na、Mg、Al、H、O等元素的49条归一化谱线数据进行主成分分析,并用所得数据建立支持向量机分类模型.结果表明,通过主成分分析降维,输入变量从49个优化减少到18个,模型建模速度从88.91 s降至55.52 s,提高了支持向量机的建模效率;并使预测集的平均识别率提高到89.11%.本研究为激光诱导击穿光谱技术在鲜肉品种快速分类领域提供了方法和数据参考.     

丝氨酸织组膜电极的研究

利用猪肝组织膜配合氨气敏电极,研制了丝氨酸生物催化传感电极。丝氨酸浓度的测定范围为5.1×10~(-5)～3.2×10~(-3)mol/L,检出限为3.1×10~(-5)mol/L。研究和讨论了电极的最佳工作条件,并测定了实验条件下酶催化反应的米氏常数Km。该电极用于合成样品分析,效果满意。     

Current research progress of photopolymerized hydrogels in tissue engineering

Owing to the special fo rmation of photopolymerized hydrogels,they can effectively control the formation of hydrogels in space and time.Moreover,the photopolymerized hydrogels have mild formation conditions and biocompatibility;therefore,they can be widely used in tissue engineering.With the development and application of manufacturing technology,photopolymerized hydrogels can be widely used in cell encapsulation,scaffold materials,and other tissue engineering fields through more elaborate manufacturing methods.This review covers the types of photoinitiators,manu facturing technologies for photopolymerized hydrogels as well as the materials used,and a summary of the applications of photopolymerized hydrogels in tissue engineering.     

基于股价服从对数正态分布的凯利投资策略

基于集中投资策略的思想,把股票价格服从对数正态分布与凯利优化模型相结合,使其能更好地运用于股票投资实践中,推导出投资者个股投资的资产配置比例与投资者对个股投资收益率和标准差预测值之间的数学关系,从而实现最快财富增长速率的目标.     

一类比例保险模型的破产概率问题

研究了比例再保险的破产概率问题,推广了Gramer-Lundberg经典模型的有关结果,并证明了基于比例模型合保问题最低保费的一个结果。