Re-shaping the coffee ring

Not your cup of tea? "Coffee rings" of spherical colloidal particles are left behind after water droplets resting on surfaces have dried out. This controlled evaporation of colloidal solutions can be exploited to deposit material in regular patterns. It is now shown that if spherical colloids are replaced by slightly elongated ones, the coffee ring is not formed and is replaced by an even more uniform deposition.     

Application of surface analysis methods to nanomaterials: summary of ISO/TC 201 technical report: ISO 14187:2011 – surface chemical analysis – characterization of nanomaterials

The ISO technical report 14187 provides an introduction to (and examples of) the information that can be obtained about nanostructured materials by using surface analysis tools. In addition, both general issues and challenges associated with characterizing nanostructured materials and the specific opportunities and challenges associated with individual analytical methods are identified. As the size of objects or components of materials approaches a few nanometers, the distinctions among ‘bulk’, ‘surface’, and ‘particle’ analysis blur. This technical report focuses on issues specifically relevant to surface chemical analysis of nanostructured materials. The report considers a variety of analysis methods but focuses on techniques that are in the domain of ISO/TC 201 including Auger electron spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and scanning probe microscopy. Measurements of nanoparticle surface properties such as surface potential that are often made in a solution are not discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

半固态ZL201合金触变强度与变形参数的相关性

采用Gleeble1500热模拟机,研究了半固态ZL201铝合金的压缩变形过程以及不同应变速率、变形量及变形温度对触变强度的影响.研究结果表明:当应变速率相同时,变形温度越高,ZL201合金半固态试样的触变强度越低.当变形温度相同时,在较低应变速率下(.ε5s-1),随着应变速率的增大,触变强度又有减小的趋势.结果可为半固态成形工艺参数制定提供基础数据.     

Incremental energy minimization in dissipative solidsMinimisation d'énergie excédentaire dans solides dissipatifs

The incremental energy minimization is examined as a method of determining solution paths for time-independent dissipative solids. Isothermal quasi-static deformations are considered, and the deformation work is locally decomposed into the increments in free energy and intrinsic dissipation. General conditions necessary for the applicability of the minimization procedure are derived and discussed. To cite this article: H. Petryk, C. R. Mecanique 331 (2003).     

Instabilité d'une nappe de vorticité étirée instationnaireInstability of an unsteady stretched vortex layer

We consider how the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability is affected by an external hyperbolic strain flow. The basic flow being unsteady, the inviscid evolution of perturbations is studied within the framework of a non-normal analysis in which the maximum amplification is computed for any given time. A positive or negative stretching is shown to enhance or reduce, respectively, the instability even for weak stretching rates. To cite this article: T. Gomez, M. Rossi, C. R. Mecanique 331 (2003).     

Synthesis of boronate‐functionalized organic‐inorganic hybrid monolithic column for the separation of cis‐diol containing compounds at low pH

In this work, an organic‐inorganic hybrid boronate affinity monolithic column was prepared via “one‐pot” process using 4‐vinylphenylboronic acid as organic monomer and divinylbenzene as cross‐linker. The effects of reaction temperature, solvents and composition of organic monomers on the column properties (e.g. morphology, permeability, and mechanical stability) were investigated. A series of test compounds including small neutral molecules, aromatic amines, and cis‐diol compounds were used to evaluate the retention behaviors of the prepared hybrid monolithic column. The results demonstrated that the prepared hybrid monolith exhibited mixed‐interactions including hydrophilicity, cation exchange, and boronate affinity interaction. The run‐to‐run, day‐to‐day and batch‐to‐batch reproducibilities of the prepared hybrid monolith for thiourea's retention time were satisfactory with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 0.09, 1.45 and 4.05% (n = 3), respectively, indicating the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method.     

Mass Spectra of 2- and 6-Substituted-3-Pyrones: Competition Between “RETRO-DIELS-ALDER” Fragmentation and Substituent Loss

The mass spectra of a series of 6-hydroxy-3-pyrones and their derivatives showed a marked dependence upon the nature of the substituent. The “retro-Diels-Alder” reaction is the primary decomposition observed for the parent compounds, while the α-cleavage (substituent loss) competes with the “retro-Diels-Alder” reaction for their derivatives. An interpretation of this difference based on the charge location and the thermochemical data is proposed.     

On the statistical independence of various column contributions to band broadening. Part 3: Independent treatment of longitudinal diffusion in the plate model

It is shown theorectically that the classical formula for calculating the theoretical plate number from squared first central moment, t , and second central moment, σ², according to n _theor = t /σ² is valid only when the capacity ratio, k approaches infinity. The general relation between the classical experimental HETP value, H = L/nm _theor, and the underlying true theoretical plate height, ΔL, is found to be when (σ′)² is the total column contribution to band broadening, L is the column length, D _m is the average diffusion coefficient of the sample component in the mobile phase, D _s is its value in the stationary phase, and u is the average linear velocity of the mobile phase. The mobile phase displacement, as well as the mass exchange process, is assumed to be continuous, but the application of the plate concept conditions leads to a mass balance equation that can be interpreted as belonging to a modified discontinuous plate model. The contributions 2D _m/u and k 2 D _s/u from longitudinal sample diffusion in the mobile and stationary phases, respectively, are consistent with the assumption that the processes are statistically independent, although the common solution technique of the differential equations does not take full account of this independence.