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31.
Peng‐Fei Gou Wei‐Pu Zhu Ning Zhu Zhi‐Quan Shen 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2009,47(11):2905-2916
Novel amphiphilic eight‐arm star triblock copolymers, star poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐block‐poly(acrylic acid)‐block‐poly(ε‐caprolactone)s (SPCL‐PAA‐PCL) with resorcinarene as core moiety were prepared by combination of ROP, ATRP, and “click” reaction strategy. First, the hydroxyl end groups of the predefined eight‐arm SPCLs synthesized by ROP were converted to 2‐bromoesters which permitted ATRP of tert‐butyl acrylate (tBA) to form star diblock copolymers: SPCL‐PtBA. Next, the bromide end groups of SPCL‐PtBA were quantitatively converted to terminal azides by NaN3, which were combined with presynthesized alkyne‐terminated poly(ε‐caprolactone) (A‐PCL) in the presence of Cu(I)/N,N,N′,N″,N″‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine in DMF to give the star triblock copolymers: SPCL‐PtBA‐PCL. 1H NMR, FTIR, and SEC analyses confirmed the expected star triblock architecture. The hydrolysis of tert‐butyl ester groups of the poly(tert‐butyl acrylate) blocks gave the amphiphilic star triblock copolymers: SPCL‐PAA‐PCL. These amphiphilic star triblock copolymers could self‐assemble into spherical micelles in aqueous solution with the particle size ranging from 20 to 60 nm. Their micellization behaviors were characterized by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 2905–2916, 2009 相似文献
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33.
Gang‐Yin Shi Xue‐Zhi Tang Cai‐Yuan Pan 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2008,46(7):2390-2401
The tadpole‐shaped amphiphilic copolymers with cyclic polystyrene as the head and a linear poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) as the tail have been successfully synthesized by combination of reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and “click” reaction. The synthesis involves two main steps: (1) preparation of a linear acetylene‐terminated PNIPAAM‐b‐PS with a side azido group anchored at the junction between two blocks; (2) intramolecular cyclization reaction to produce the cyclic PS block using “click” chemistry under high dilution. The structures, molecular weights, and molecular weight distributions of the resulted intermediates and the target polymers were characterized by their 1H NMR, FTIR, and gel permeation chromatography. The difference of surface property between tadpole‐shaped polymer and its linear precursor was observed, and the water contact angles on the former surface are larger than that of the latter surface. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 2390–2401, 2008 相似文献
34.
Haixia Wang Qishao Lu Qingyun Wang 《Communications in Nonlinear Science & Numerical Simulation》2008,13(8):1668-1675
Bursting is an important electrical behavior in neuron’s firing. In this paper, based on the fast/slow dynamical bifurcation analysis and the phase plane analysis, two types of bursting are presented in the modified Morris–Lecar neuronal model, and the associated bifurcation mechanisms of switching between the active phase and the silent phase are analyzed. For two coupled bursters, it is found that the same type of coupled bursters may have different synchronization transition path from that of two different types of coupled bursters. The analysis of bursting types and the transition to synchronization may provide us with better insight into neuronal encoding and information transmission. 相似文献
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36.
Gang‐Yin Shi Cai‐Yuan Pan 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2009,47(10):2620-2630
A series of well‐defined θ‐shaped copolymers composed of polystyrene (PS) and poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) with controlled molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution have been successfully synthesized without any purification procedure by the combination of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), ring‐opening polymerization (ROP), and the “click” chemistry. The synthetic process involves two steps: (1) synthesis of AB2 miktoarm star copolymers, which contain one PCL chain terminated with two acetylene groups and two PS chains with two azido groups at their one end, (α,α′‐diacetylene‐PCL) (ω‐azido‐PS)2, by ROP, ATRP, and the terminal group transformation; (2) intramolecular cyclization of AB2 miktoarm star copolymers to produce well‐defined pure θ‐shaped copolymers using “click” chemistry under high dilution. The 1H NMR, FTIR, and gel permeation chromatography techniques were applied to characterize the chemical structures of the resultant intermediates and the target polymers. Their thermal behavior was investigated by DSC. The mobility decrease of PCL chain across PS ring in the theta‐shaped copolymers restricts the crystallization ability of PCL segment. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 2620–2630, 2009 相似文献
37.
Guowei Wang Chao Liu Mugang Pan Junlian Huang 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2009,47(5):1308-1316
The star graft copolymers composed of hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG) as core and well defined asymmetric mixed “V‐shaped” identical polystyrene (PS) and poly(tert‐butyl acrylate) as side chains were synthesized via the “click” chemistry. The V‐shaped side chain bearing a “clickable” alkyne group at the conjunction point of two blocks was first prepared through the combination of anionic polymerization of styrene (St) and atom transfer radical polymerization of tert‐butyl acrylate (tBA) monomer, and then “click” chemistry was conducted between the alkyne groups on the side chains and azide groups on HPG core. The obtained star graft copolymers and intermediates were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), GPC equipped with a multiangle laser‐light scattering detector (GPC‐MALLS), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and fourier transform infrared. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 1308–1316, 2009 相似文献
38.
Peng‐Fei Gou Wei‐Pu Zhu Ning Xu Zhi‐Quan Shen 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2009,47(24):6962-6976
Well‐defined drug‐conjugated amphiphilic A2B2 miktoarm star copolymers [(PCL)2‐(PEG)2‐D] were prepared by the combination of controlled ring‐opening polymerization (CROP) and “click” reaction strategy. First, bromide functionalized poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL‐Br) with double hydroxyl end groups was synthesized by the CROP of ε‐caprolactone using 2,2‐bis(bromomethyl)propane‐1,3‐diol as a difunctional initiator in the presence of Sn(Oct)2 at 110 °C. Next, the bromide groups of PCL‐Br were quantitatively converted to azide form by NaN3 to give PCL‐N3. Subsequently, the end hydroxyl groups of PCL‐N3 were capped with ibuprofen as a model drug at room temperature. Finally, copper(I)‐catalyzed cycloaddition reaction between ibuprofen‐conjugated PCL‐N3 and slightly excess alkyne‐terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (A‐PEG) led to ibuprofen‐conjugated A2B2 miktoarm star copolymer [(PCL)2‐(PEG)2‐D]. The excess A‐PEG was removed by dialysis. 1H NMR, FTIR and SEC analyzes confirmed the expected miktoarm star architecture. These amphiphilic miktoarm star copolymers could self‐assemble into multimorphological aggregates in aqueous solution, which were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, the drug‐loading capacity of these drug‐conjugated miktoarm star copolymers as well as their nondrug‐conjugated analogs were also investigated in detail. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2009 相似文献
39.
《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2017,129(34):10232-10236
QM/MM calculations reveal that the nickel pincer complex in lactate racemase functions as a reversible “single‐center electrode” that accepts and donates back an electron. In this way, it catalyzes the isomerization process d ‐lactate⇌l ‐lactate through successive proton‐coupled electron‐transfer steps. 相似文献
40.
Aymeric Paccou Guillaume Chiavassa Jacques Liandrat Kai Schneider 《Comptes Rendus Mecanique》2005,333(1):79-85
In this Note we investigate the mathematical properties of the volume penalization method applied to the one-dimensional wave equation. Generally speaking, the penalization method allows one to handle complex geometries by simply adding a term to the equation to impose the boundary conditions. We study the convergence of the method with regards to the penalization parameter and we present error and stability analyses for the wave equation. Numerical simulations using a finite difference scheme illustrate the results. To cite this article: A. Paccou et al., C. R. Mecanique 333 (2005). 相似文献