Efficient separation of high‐purity compounds from Oxytropis falcata using two‐dimensional preparative chromatography

The separation of high‐purity compounds from traditional Tibetan medicines plays an important role in investigating their bioactivity. Nevertheless, it is often quite difficult to isolate compounds with high purity because of the complexity of traditional Tibetan medicines. In this work, an offline two‐dimensional reversed‐phase preparative method was successfully developed for the separation of high‐purity compounds from Oxytropis falcata . Based on the analysis results, an ODS C18 prep column was used for first‐dimensional preparation, and 14.8 g of the crude sample was separated into five fractions with a recovery of 74.6%. Then, an XAqua C18 prep column was used to isolate high‐purity compounds in the second‐dimensional preparation because its separation selectivity is different with the ODS C18 stationary phase. As a result, eight compounds in the crude sample were isolated in more than 98% purity. This is the first report of trans‐cinnamic acid ( 1 ) and trifolirhizin ( 2 ) from Oxytropis falcata . This method has the potential to be an efficient separation method of high‐purity compounds from Oxytropis falcata and it shows great promise for the separation of high‐purity compounds from complex samples.     

藏族风格二胡作品演奏相关的技术和风格分析——以内地作曲家创作的四部二胡独奏曲为例

文章对藏族风格二胡独奏曲《金珠玛米赞》、《洁白的哈达》、《北京有个金太阳》和《洁白的哈达》四部作品的创作背景、风格特色、曲式结构、演奏技法等进行了分析,提出对与作品演奏相关的音乐意象、表情、情绪控制等的准确把握也是演奏成功的重要因素.     

基于西藏民间防晒膏配方的一种防晒护肤品的研制

文章描述了用安久普拉（汉语名：岩白菜），原植物为Begenia purpurascens（Hook．f．et Thorns．Zngl．）为原料、以西藏民间防晒膏配方为基础开发的防晒护肤品的配方及其制作工艺，给出该护肤产品的紫外线吸收效果测定结果。     

Evolution of the East Asian monsoon and its response to uplift of the Tibetan Plateau since 1.8 Ma recorded by major elements in sediments of the South China Sea

Evolution of the East Asian monsoon and its response to uplift of the Tibetan Plateau has been investigated in the study of global change. Core sediment samples drilled in the South China Sea during ODP Leg184 are the best materials for studying long-term variability of the East Asian monsoon. R-mode factor analysis of major elements in the fine grain-sized carbonate-free sediments (<4 μm) of the upper 185 mcd splice of ODP Site 1146 drilled during Leg184 in the South China Sea shows that Ti, TFe2O3, MgO, K2O, P, CaO, and Al2O3 are representative of a terrestrial factor. The variation in the terrestrial factor score is subject to chemical erosion in the source region and thus indicates the evolution of the East Asian summer monsoon. The terrestrial factor score has three stepwise decreases at ~1.3 Ma, ~0.9 Ma, and ~0.6 Ma, indicating the phased weakening of the East Asian summer monsoon is related to wholly stepwise, quick uplifts of the Tibetan Plateau since 1.8 Ma. The periodic fluctuation of the terrestrial factor score since ~0.6 Ma indicates that the glacial-interglacial cycles have been the main force driving the evolution of the East Asian monsoon. As in the case of Chinese loess, the long-term evolution of the East Asian monsoon recorded in sediments of the South China Sea reflects a coupled effect of the glacial-interglacial cycle and uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.     

Secondary succession and its effects on soil moisture and nutrition in abandoned old-fields of hilly region of Loess Plateau, China

Floristic composition, community structure and soil moisture and nutrient contents in abandoned fields of different ages were analyzed to clarify the regenerative aspects of succession as a tool for vegetation restoration. The results indicated that secondary succession in this region can be interpreted as an auto-succession: there are main changes in species-relative abundance and species turnover. Annual or biennial species (e.g. Artemisia scoparia), acted as pioneers and strongly dominated the early stages. Then, they underwent a progressive decline, while forbs (e.g. Artemisia sacrorum) and grasses (e.g. Xanthium sibiricum) had their peak abundance at intermediate stages. Dwarf shrubs (e.g. Lespedeza dahurica) and short rhizome grass (e.g. Bothriochloa ischaemum) appeared at mid-succession stage and gradually increased in abundance during succession, becoming dominant at late stages. The first axis of detrended correspondence canonical analysis arranged the sites according to their fallow time, indicating a successional sere. The second axis, associated with diverging pathways of regeneration, correlated with topographic factors and soil moisture and nutrition. Structural divergence between plots increased as succession went on, attained the highest at the mid-succession stage, decreased at the late stage.

Soil moisture and available phosphorus content decreased steadily with field age after their abandonment, whereas pools of organic matter, total and available nitrogen, potassium and total phosphorus increased with field age. The pace and direction of recovery of native vegetation and natural soil properties in these abandoned fields resembled classic old-field succession, which is a form of secondary succession that often serves as a template for guiding restoration efforts. Interface between the abandoned field soil and plant system was crucial to the above process. Our current study supported the generally accepted hypothesis in the succession literature.     

原子吸收法对藏草药水母雪兔子和多刺绿绒蒿中12种元素的初步形态分析

用原子吸收光谱法,对产于青藏高原的藏草药水母雪兔子和多刺绿绒蒿,测定了全药材、水提液、醇提液中12种元素(Cr、Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni、Se、Zn、K、Ca、Mg、Cd、Pb)的含量,以及水提液中各元素可溶态、水溶态的含量,同时采取正辛醇-水分配体系模拟藏药水提液中各微量元素在人体胃肠中的分配情况,对藏药中微量元素的初级形态进行了分析,初步探讨了酸度变化(人体胃肠酸度)对微量元素的影响,结合藏药药效讨论其相关性,为进一步研究微量元素与藏药药性、药效的关系提供科学依据.     

Derivative temporal clustering analysis: detecting prolonged neuronal activity

Temporal clustering analysis (TCA) and independent component analysis (ICA) are promising data-driven techniques in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments to obtain brain activation maps in conditions with unknown temporal information regarding the neuronal activity. Although comparable to ICA in detecting transient neuronal activities, TCA fails to detect prolonged plateau brain activations. To eliminate this pitfall, a novel derivative TCA (DTCA) method was introduced and its algorithms with different subtraction intervals were tested on simulated data with a pattern of prolonged plateau brain activation. It was found that the best performance of DTCA method in generating functional maps could be obtained if the subtraction interval is equal to or larger than the length of the rising time of the fMRI response. The DTCA method and its theoretical predication were further investigated and validated using in vivo fMRI data sets. By removing the limitations in the previous TCA, DTCA has shown its powerful capability in detecting prolonged plateau neuronal activities.     

海拔高度对藏族儿童血红蛋白含量影响的调查分析

目的：了解居住在西藏不同海拔地区世居藏族儿童之间的血红蛋白含量，研究血红蛋白含量与高原海拔高度的关系。方法：对居住在海拔3700米（拉萨）的406名9—10岁藏族儿童和444名居住在海拔4300米（定日）的相同年龄段藏族儿童进行横向比较研究。采取随机抽样的方法，测量血红蛋白含量及人体基本数据测量，所得数据用SPSS14．0软件系统分析。结论：居住在海拔4300米的定日藏族儿童的血红蛋白含量14．0（13．9—14．1）g／dl明显低于（P〈0．05）居住在海拔3700米的拉萨藏族儿童的血红蛋白含量14．6（14．5—14．7）g／dl。     

西藏妇女生育健康 生育意愿的现状调查

课题组采用随机抽样、入户调查的方法调查西藏妇女对健康知识的知晓情况。数据分析显示，西藏妇女对健康知识的了解程度低是不容忽视的现状，而妇女的文化程度是其主要的影响因素。建议针对不同文化人群，应采取不同的健康知识传授方式。