Dynamic Changes of the Farmers and Herdsmen’s Income Sources in the Tibet Autonomous Region

0Introduction Beingaregionrelativelybehindintermsofruraleconomicdevelopment,theTibetanAutonomousRegionin2003achievedanaveragenetincomepercapitaof1690yuan(RMB)for thefarmersandherdsmen,rankingthe4thnationwide.Comparedwiththatof2001,thisis aconsiderablerise,howeverthereisstillabiggapfromotherprovincesandregionsthatare economicallydeveloped[1].HowtoraiseTibetfarmersandherdsmen’sincome,improve livingqualityoftheminoritynationalityareasandpromoteregionaldevelopmenthavebecome thepriorityoftheCen…     

驻藏大臣文硕评述

清朝末年,中国处于闭关锁国的农耕时代,在已经完成工业化的西方列强面前,显得贫困落后,在落后挨打的局面中采取屈让、赔款的软弱姿态。在英帝国主义者侵略中国西藏前夕,临危受命的驻藏大臣文硕抱着抵御外侮、整顿西藏地方政务的决心,坚定支持西藏上下抗击英军的正确主张,反遭革职处分。这对西藏人民抗英斗争是一个很大的打击。新上任的驻藏大臣升泰真实执行清朝政策的退让政策,导致抗英斗争以失败告终。文章就文硕在危难时期的治藏态度、防御措施、革职原因及其革职后对西藏地方局势的影响作出分析和评价。     

New evidence Ⅱ for MDD model of thermal evolution history of Gangdese batholith

The cooling curves are obtained using specific 40Ar/39Ar stage heating procedure and MDD modeling. In addition to the results of dating hornblende (K-Ar) and apatite (FT), the widespread existence of rapid cooling events has further been confirmed. A new knowledge of the starting time of Gangdese overthrust faulting in the east of Zedang, which was earlier in south and later in north is acquired.     

论“丝绸之路经济带”与西藏经济外向发展

2013年以来,“丝绸之路经济带”已引起我国最高决策层的重视,即将成为我国和中亚各国共同推进的跨洲区域合作。西藏从唐代起就通过唐蕃古道、茶马古道等古商道、驿道或贡道与古丝绸之路相连接。改革开放以后,西藏经济北向、东向发展步伐加快,通过青藏经济一体化,融入“大西南经济圈”,可以说已经在某种程度上融入了“丝绸之路经济带”。文章通过阐述西藏和丝绸之路的关系,试图说明西藏加入或融入“丝绸之路经济带”的意义及可能性,并对西藏借助该经济带促进自身外向发展提出建议。     

基于市场需求的西藏大学生综合素质评价与对策研究

在新的就业形势下,西藏地区高校培养的大学生的综合素质是否适应社会需要,是否“靠得住,用得上”？文章从这一论点出发,构建了西藏大学生的综合素质评价体系,并得出了合理的测评结果。依据结果,给出了提高西藏地区高校大学生人文素质以及科学素质的政策建议。     

清末川边藏区实业教育发展述评

清朝末年,川边藏区在大力发展农业、工业经济基础上,融合各种力量,根据《奏定实业学堂通则》等条令规定,发展实业教育。呈现出以下特点：专业设置上,因地制宜、因势利导;教育形式上,把培养、培训和研究相结合;教育管理上,建章立制、管理规范。为川边藏区培养了一批实业人才,促动了教育理念的更新,影响了产业结构,促进了社会发展。但由于时间短暂,环境特殊,发展过程中仍存在明显的不足与缺陷。其经验教训,对当今发展藏族职业教育具有启迪与借鉴作用。     

Changes in South Asian monsoon: New high-resolution paleoclimatic records from Tibet, China

High-resolution pollen records from 6 small lakes in the Tibetan Plateau provided the details of evolution of South Asian monsoon since the Last Glacial Maximum. Prior to 16 kaBP, the region was a desert-steppe characterized by cold and dry climates, the January temperature was 7 -10℃lower than that of present and the annual precipitation only accounted for 40% of the present. The temperature and precipitation increased gradually and trees began to live in the region after 12 kaBP, but during the interval from 9.2 to 6.3 kaBP, forest and forest-meadow appeared occasionally. From 8 to 5 kaBP, both January and July temperature was 2-3℃ higher and annual precipitation was also about 200 mm higher than that of the present. After 5 kaBP, temperature and precipitation decreased linearly and steppe vegetation began to degenerate.     

Fission track age of granite batholith from Southern Tibet:implications for the plateau uplift

Fission track (FT) ages of apatite and zircon from four granite batholiths from Lhasa and Shannan areas are measured.The FT ages of apatite range from 3.2±8.3 Ma, corresponding to the uplift rates of 0.12±0.20 mm·a~(-1) during this period. The upliftheight is 580m, showing that there is not large-scale rapid uplifting in southern Tibet from 3.2 to 8.3 Ma. The zircon FT ages of Lhasabatholith are 25.9±1.7 and 32.7±2.8 Ma, yielding an uplift rate of 0.08 mm·a~(-1) between 26 and 33 Ma. Combining this work withother studies, it is suggested that the average uplift rate in southern Tibet is low from the time of collision between India and Asian conti-nents to ～3Ma. The uplift of Tibetan Plateau seems to have finished in multi-stage processes with varied rates.     

西藏自治区民用运输机场空间可达性评价

本研究利用Open Street Map的矢量路网数据对西藏全区构建了1km×1km成本栅格,以便通过累积耗费距离法测算西藏自治区民用运输机场空间可达性现状及分析了规划完成后的可达情况,重点对人口、不同等级行政驻地、旅游景区、边境地区等方面的机场可达性进行了比较分析。研究结果如下：现机场体系1.5小时内仅能覆盖拉萨、日喀则和林芝市级行政驻地,在规划机场建成后,能够增加对那曲市行政驻地的覆盖。现机场体系在3小时内能够覆盖14个区县行政驻地,大多分布在以拉萨、林芝、日喀则等地为核心的河谷地区,5小时内不可达机场的区县主要分布在那曲市、日喀则市和林芝市,包含羌塘高原大部分地区和藏东南边境。在规划机场建成后,3小时内新增对6个区县行政驻地的覆盖,覆盖率增加19%。现机场体系在3小时内对5A、4A、3A景区的覆盖率分别是80%、61%、47%,在S2情景下覆盖率增加0%、13%、8%。现机场体系在3小时内不能到达区内任何通商口岸,在规划机场建成后,能够覆盖普兰、亚东通商口岸,到达最近机场时间分别是0.5、3小时。需要考虑在现有机场规划之下,发展包括通用航空的多级机场体系,加强对机场空白区,尤其是...     

Classification of vegetation in North Tibet Plateau based on MODIS time-series data

Based on the 16d-composite MODIS （moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer）-NDVI（normalized difference vegetation index） time-series data in 2004, vegetation in North Tibet Plateau was classified and seasonal variations on the pixels selected from different vegetation type were analyzed. The Savitzky-Golay filtering algorithm was applied to perform a filtration processing for MODIS-NDVI time-series data. The processed time-series curves can reflect a real variation trend of vegetation growth. The NDVI time-series curves of coniferous forest, high-cold meadow, high-cold meadow steppe and high-cold steppe all appear a mono-peak model during vegetation growth with the maximum peak occurring in August. A decision-tree classification model was established according to either NDVI time-series data or land surface temperature data. And then, both classifying and processing for vegetations were carried out through the model based on NDVI time-series curves. An accuracy test illustrates that classification results are of high accuracy and credibility and the model is conducive for studying a climate variation and estimating a vegetation production at regional even global scale.