Nanofluid in Hydrophilic State for EOR Implication Through Carbonate Reservoir

More than 50% of oil is trapped in petroleum reservoirs after applying primary and secondary recovery methods for removal. Thus, to produce more crude oils from these reservoirs, different enhanced oil recovery (EOR) approaches should be performed. In this research, the effect of hydrophilic nanoparticles of SiO₂ at 12 nm size, in (EOR) from carbonate reservoir is systematically investigated. Using this nanoparticle, we can increase viscosity of the injection fluid and then lower the mobility ratio between oil and nanofluid in carbonate reservoirs. To this end, a core flooding apparatus was used to determine the effectiveness and robustness of nanosilica for EOR from carbonate reservoirs. These experiments are applied on the reservoir carbonate core samples, which are saturated with brine and oil that was injected with nanoparticles of SiO₂ at various concentrations. The output results depict that, with increasing nanoparticle concentration, the viscosity of the injection fluid increases and results in decreased mobility ratio between oil and nanofluid. The results confirm that using the nanoparticle increases the recovery. Also, increasing the nanoparticle concentration up to 0.6% increases the ultimate recovery (%OOIP), but a further increase to 1.0 does not have a significant effect.     

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘克里摩里组古喀斯特洞穴特征及发育控制因素

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘下奥陶统克里摩里组发育的古喀斯特洞穴具有良好的勘探前景,但洞穴预测难度大,勘探风险高,需要准确认识古喀斯特洞穴基本特征与储层发育规律,降低勘探风险。通过岩心观察、薄片鉴定以及录井、测井、地震等手段分析表明,该套喀斯特洞穴主要发育在颗粒灰岩内,横、纵向分布稳定,依据岩石学、录测井及地震响应特征可分为垮塌半充填型和暗河充填型,后者进一步分成角砾充填和泥质充填2种类型。喀斯特洞穴具有加里东期大气淡水顺层溶蚀特征,其发育受到岩性、古地貌及古地质条件的共同控制,台缘礁滩微相颗粒灰岩是优先可溶性基岩,古喀斯特斜披提供了有利的水动力条件,加里东期同生微断裂提供了渗流通道,上奥陶统是否覆盖决定了洞穴类型及充填程度。     

鄂尔多斯盆地马家沟组白云岩储层特征及成因机理

以鄂尔多斯盆地下奥陶统马家沟组白云岩为研究对象,对不同类型白云岩的岩石矿物学属性、地球化学特征、孔隙结构特征、发育层位及分布规律进行对比研究,并结合成因,将白云岩分为3类:(1)泥粉晶白云岩,以岩盐矿物溶蚀型孔隙为主,在含膏云坪相带呈带状分布,横向分布稳定,形成于准同生白云岩化作用;(2)粉-细晶白云岩,以白云石晶间孔为主,主要发育于蒸发岩层系的短期海侵沉积期,受控于浅埋藏期渗透回流白云岩化作用;(3)中-粗晶白云岩,以残余原始粒间孔及格架孔为主,主要发育于台地边缘礁滩及古隆起周边高能颗粒滩相带,并经历了埋藏白云岩化作用.奥陶系白云岩分布具有“层控性”和“相控性”,形成了现今白云岩储层多层叠合发育的特点,为奥陶系多套含气组合的发育创造了有利条件.     

Hydrochemistry of an ancient traditional irrigation reservoir in Padaviya,Sri Lanka

Padaviya Wewa Reservoir constructed in 2nd century BC is an important traditional reservoir in Sri Lanka. The construction and the use of these traditional Sri Lankan reservoirs are different from modern large-scale hydroelectric and multi-purpose reservoirs in Sri Lanka and the rest of the world. The hydrochemistry of these unique water bodies has been rarely studied and understood. In this study, depth-wise distribution of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd, and As and their correlation with pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, temperature, BOD, COD, and total phosphate were investigated to identify the mechanisms that drive the water quality in Padaviya Wewa Reservoir. There is a well distinguishable chemical gradient from the surface to the bottom of the water column suggesting that Padaviya is not a well-mixed water body even though the maximum water depth during the study period was 4.75 m. There was a strong negative correlation between Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cd and DO in both surface and bottom waters. In addition, a strong positive correlation between Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd, and As, and total phosphate was observed in bottom waters. The suggested driving force behind the depth-wise distribution of chemical species is intense biological activities in the reservoir. The weak thermal stratification is strengthened by photosynthesis at the surface waters and organic matter degradation at bottom of the reservoir. The end-result of these biological activities are oxygen rich surface waters with low concentrations of nutrients and metal ions and oxygen depleted bottom waters with higher concentrations of nutrients and metal ions.     

Graded regulation technology for enhanced oil recovery and water shutoff in pore-cavity-fracture carbonate reservoirs

Although a single type of chemical agent (eg, gels, microspheres, surfactants, etc.) has achieved some effects in enhanced oil recovery of carbonate reservoirs, for pore-cavity-fracture carbonate reservoirs, the use of a single type of chemical agent does not perform well. The main objective of this study is to study the effect of different types of chemical agents in enhanced oil recovery of complex carbonate reservoirs. In order to determine the screening principle of chemical agents, the types of water channeling in the North Troyes reservoir were analyzed. For complex fractures, step by step plugging, multi-agent and multi-slug comprehensive intervention is carried out to ensure the plugging of high-permeability channels and inhibit the seepage of large channels. It can plug channeling fracture channel, adjust secondary dominant channel and reduce matrix flow resistance, so as to expand macroscopic swept volume and improve microscopic water flooding efficiency. The results show that it is difficult to comprehensively control water channeling in pore-cave-fracture carbonate reservoir, and the reservoir heterogeneity in the test area can be improved by mixing different types of control and flooding agents and carrying out deep profile control. The plugging rate of gel is 97.18 %, and the oil–water selection ratio is 0.45 in fractured core; the expansion rate of nano - microspheres is more than 3 times; the wetting modifier can improve the imbibition oil displacement efficiency by 14.76%, and the test result shown that nano - microspheres and wetting modifier have good synergistic oil displacement effect. The field application result shown that daily oil production of oil well in the test area increased by 5.0 m³/d and the daily water rate decreased by 19.0% compared with that before the control flooding. The findings of this study can help for better understanding of enhanced oil recovery in pore-cave-fracture carbonate reservoir.     

新庄特稠油藏蒸汽吞吐井动态特征及水侵识别分析

河南新庄油田核桃园组的油藏是典型的边水驱动特稠油藏,在分析温度对分流方程的影响后,对该区蒸汽吞吐生产井的含水率变化规律进行了总结.根据油藏的实际地质特征,建立了数值模型,对所总结的含水率变化规律进行了模拟验证.在此基础上,结合存水量变化等参数,提出了一种综合判断地层水侵入规律的方法.实际的开采井动态分析证明了该判断方法的可行性,对类似的水侵特稠油藏的生产动态分析有借鉴作用.     

川西坳陷中段须四段钙屑砂岩储层特征及有利区块预测

钙屑砂岩通常较致密,储集性往往很差.在大量薄片鉴定及物性统计基础上,对须家河组T3x45砂组钙屑砂岩的岩石学、物性特征及其主要控制因素进行了详细研究,结果表明该套砂组的钙屑砂岩次生孔隙较发育,为有效的储集层,储层物性主要受控于沉积相、压实作用、溶蚀作用及构造作用等因素,其中溶蚀作用和构造破裂作用是储层发育最重要的控制因素.在储层特征及其与沉积相发育关系分析的基础上,以T3x45砂组为编图单元编制沉积微相图和砂体等厚图,预测钙屑砂岩储层平面分布特征,并对有利储层发育区块进行预测和评价,识别出3个具有较大勘探潜力的储集砂体.     

临南洼陷油气藏分布特征与油气富集主控因素分析

临南洼陷具有良好的油气资源潜力,但随着油气勘探的逐渐深入,临南洼陷的勘探难度越来越大.为了更好的指导今后的油气勘探工作,在研究临南洼陷油气藏基本特征的基础上,从烃源岩、储集层、构造特征等多方面入手,总结油气藏分布特征和规律,分析油气富集成藏的主控因素,剖析各要素对油气富集的影响.结果表明,临南洼陷油气藏类型丰富,主要为断块油气藏及与断层有关的复合油气藏,油气藏主要分布在馆陶组、沙二段和沙三段.临南洼陷油气藏平面上主要分布在临商断裂、夏口断裂及其伴生构造带上,呈环状分布;浊积扇、冲积扇及河流沉积是油气藏分布的主要沉积类型;其富集主要受烃源岩、沉积相、断层等因素控制.油气藏受烃源岩控制围绕生油洼陷展布;有利沉积相带在平面上连续展布,纵向上叠置连片,具有良好的储集条件;断层作为油气的运移通道控制油气的运移,并与地层产状、构造等相配合形成圈闭,控制油气的聚集.     

白龟山湿地库区水质监测及评价

通过对白龟山湿地库区水质部分指标的监测,采用单因子分析评价法和综合水质标识指数法,对白龟山湿地库区的水质状况进行监测评价.结果表明;库区水质基本达到Ⅲ类水质标准,符合水源水水质要求;但5～6月份水质有轻度污染现象,须加强综合治理.