纺织品中游离甲醛含量的高效液相色谱法测定

建立了纺织品中游离甲醛的高效液相色谱检测法,采用SinoChrom ODS-BP色谱柱(250×4.6 mm i.d.,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水(70∶30,V/V),流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长360 nm。通过正交试验优化了甲醛衍生条件,应用F检验和t检验证实了本方法的准确性。方法相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.53%,回收率在95.0%~102.7%范围。     

A sol-gel method for applying nanosized antibacterial particles to the surface of textile materials in an ultrasonic field

To prevent possible spread of nosocomial infections – HAI (Healthcare Acquired Infections) in healthcare facilities, Antibacterial textiles are developed. This carried out study has been conducted to assess the feasibility of the method of obtaining antibacterial coatings on textile materials. Specifically, the sol-gel method for synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in combination with zinc oxide nanoparticles from titanyl sulphate and zinc nitrate hexahydrate has been investigated.During the synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in combination with the zinc oxide nanoparticles, the coated textile material showed stable antibacterial properties with a suppression level of Escherichia coli of more than 99.99%. The method has been tested on a semi-industrial scale in roll-to-roll experiment by applying homogenous coatings at a speed of 1,5 m per minute.     

微型氢化物发生-原子吸收光谱法测定纺织品中的痕量砷和锑

采用三毛细管微型在线氢化发生技术和装置, 建立了氢化物发生-电热石英管原子吸收法测定纺织品中痕量As、 Sb的分析方法. 研究了共存离子对As、 Sb检测的干扰及消除方法. 结果表明: 该方法除Co、 Sn对As和Ni对Sb有干扰外, 其它干扰元素允许量都较大. 采用酒石酸和KI混合掩蔽剂可抑制Co、 Sn对As和Ni对 Sb的干扰. As和Sb的检出限分别为0.7和0.4 ng/L, 已用于测定纺织品中痕量As和Sb的分析.     

Shock wave amplification by fabric materials

It has been shown that, when exposed to air shock waves, soft materials such as fabrics can lead to amplification of the peak pressure measured on a reflecting surface behind the fabric. This occurs for a wide range of fabric configurations, including those used in soft-ballistic protection. The goal of this study was to validate a numerical model to develop an improved understanding of this phenomenon and investigate different fabric parameters, including density, permeability and standoff, and their influence on blast amplification. The investigation of fabric parameters was carried out using numerical simulations in an explicit finite element code with coupled fluid–structure interaction. The benefit of this method was the ability to isolate individual parameters. The model predicted similar trends to existing experimental data, though the numerically predicted peak pressures were consistently higher than the experimental values. The parametric study showed that low permeability fabrics result in the highest pressure amplifications. At areal densities on the order 100 g/m², typical of single layer fabrics, amplification also increased with areal density for low permeability materials.      

Eco-dyeing using Tamarindus indica L. seed coat tannin as a natural mordant for textiles with antibacterial activity

Tamarind seed coat tannin was extracted and its tannin class was determined. The extracted tannin was employed as a natural mordant alone and in combination with metal mordant namely copper sulphate for cotton, wool and silk fabrics and dyed using natural dyes namely turmeric and pomegranate rind. The colour strength, colour coordinates, wash and light fastness were evaluated and compared for all the three fabrics with and without mordanting. The pre-mordanted fabrics on dyeing gave better colour strength, wash and light fastness than those dyeing obtained without mordanting. The total phenolic content of the extract was calculated and minimum inhibition concentration was 1% against both the Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. The mordanted and dyed fabrics resulted in good antibacterial activity up to 20 washes, when natural mordant was used along with 0.5% and 1% copper sulphate mordant and dyed with natural dyes.     

色谱／质谱定量分析技术在纺织品禁用偶氮染料测试中的应用

建立了偶氮染料印染的纺织品中有害芳胺的ＧＣ／ＭＳ定量分析方法。     

固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定纺织品中全氟辛烷磺酸盐

采用固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定纺织品中全氟辛烷磺酸盐的含量。纺织品样品在索氏提取器中用甲醇提取后,经固相萃取净化,并用盐酸溶液酸化,再与四丁基氢氧化铵反应。在气相色谱分离中用HP-5MS毛细管柱为固定相,在质谱分析中采用全扫描和选择离子监测模式。全氟辛烷磺酸盐的质量浓度在1.0~30.0mg·kg-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.13mg·kg-1。加标回收率在88.8%~91.1%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差在均小于5.0%。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定纺织品中四氯苯酚同分异构体及五氯苯酚和邻苯基苯酚

建立了高效液相色谱法同时测定纺织品中四氯苯酚同分异构体(2,3,4,5-TeCP、2,3,4,6-TeCP、2,3,5,6-TeCP)及五氯苯酚(PCP)和邻苯基苯酚(OPP)的分析方法。样品经甲醇超声提取、浓缩后,采用Symmetry C18色谱柱,以甲醇-10mmol/L乙酸铵溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,二极管阵列检测器210nm检测。结果表明:三种TeCP同分异构体及PCP、OPP在0.1~20mg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9994~0.9998,样品加标回收率为87.2%~109%,相对标准偏差为0.92%~4.50%,方法的最低检测浓度分别为0.05、0.10、0.05、0.05、0.05mg/kg。该方法高效、简便、准确可靠,可实现现行法规所要求的纺织品中苯酚类物质的同时测定。     

微波辅助稀硝酸萃取-ICP-OES同时测定纺织品中九种有害元素

纺织品在加工的过程中会引起多种有害元素的污染,为了监控纺织品的质量,建立了微波辅助稀硝酸萃取结合电感耦合等离子体发射光谱同时测定纺织品中砷、锑、铅、镉、铬、钴、铜、镍、汞等九种有害元素的检测新方法。通过萃取剂的筛选和萃取条件的优化,最终确定了用5%的硝酸30mL作为萃取剂,萃取时间为5min,萃取温度为120℃,仪器功率为400W作为微波辅助萃取条件。并用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱对萃取出的九种有害元素总量进行检测。结果显示:本方法的检出限在2.25～112.5μg.kg-1之间,对加标样品的萃取率为73.6%～105%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=3)为0.2%～1.7%。本方法已成功用于棉布、毛料、涤纶、腈纶四种纺织品样品的检测。     

A theoretical consideration of the ballistic response of continuous graphene membranes

The remarkable properties of graphene, including unusually high mechanical strength and stiffness, have been well-documented. In this paper, we combine an analytical solution for ballistic impact into a thin isotropic membrane, with ab initio density functional theory calculations for graphene under uniaxial tension, to predict the penetration resistance of multi-layer graphene membranes. The calculations show that continuous graphene membranes could enable ballistic barriers of extraordinary performance, enabling resistance to penetration at masses up to 100× lighter than existing state-of-the-art barrier materials. The very high elastic wave speed and strain energy to failure are the major drivers of this increase in performance. However, the in-plane mechanical isotropy of graphene, as compared to conventional orthotropic woven textiles, also contributes significantly to the efficiency of graphene as a barrier material. This result suggests that, for barrier applications, isotropic membranes composed of covalently bonded two-dimensional molecular networks could provide distinct advantages over fiber-based textiles derived from linear polymers.