实验室熟练水平测试方案简介

介绍了实验室熟练水平测试方案(LPTS)的目的,类型,以及实验室熟练水平测试的组织、基本运行程序和实施的具体步骤。     

抗肿瘤药物输送系统

大多数小分子抗肿瘤药物均存在水溶性差、给药量大、体内半衰期短等问题,它们经口服或静脉注射给药后,只能通过自由扩散方式进入细胞,往往缺乏选择性,同时,对肿瘤细胞和正常细胞产生细胞毒性,具有较强的毒副作用,甚至对患者造成二次伤害。因此,它们在临床应用上受到很大限制。通过选择适宜的载体材料构筑抗肿瘤药物输送系统（如胶束、凝胶、纳米粒子等）,不仅可以延长小分子抗肿瘤药物的半衰期、降低其毒副作用,而且还可提高其溶解性和生物利用度,因而受到广大科研人员及制药企业的广泛重视。到目前为止,抗肿瘤药物输送系统的发展历史已有60多年,大致可分为传统型、智能型和靶向型三个不同的发展阶段。本文将从这三个不同发展阶段来综述抗肿瘤药物输送系统及其最新的研究进展,并对其未来的发展进行展望。     

手机USB数据线测试仪的研制

针对企业生产手机USB数据线时需要进行性能测试方面的要求,设计出一款以FPGA为处理核心,USB接口芯片为控制对象,辅之电源、存储器、键盘、显示、静电保护和反馈输出接口等模块组成的手机USB数据线测试仪。该测试仪按照USB通信协议把USB数据包通过被测数据线进行传输,然后通过计算其传输USB数据包的错误率来判断数据线性能的质量好坏。通过与误码率分析仪、电脑海量传输实测的结果对比和实际应用表明,该仪器较其它测试方法具有测试速度快,测试结果准确等优点,可广泛地应用于USB数据线生产企业。     

激光干扰扩束系统光机结构设计

针对常规红外干扰技术存在的能量无法集中、隐蔽性差且无法进行变倍切换等实际问题,提出一种离轴双反射式激光干扰扩束系统的设计方案,并对离轴双反射镜组,转向平面反射镜及支撑固定机构等主要组成部分进行了光机结构设计.为实现扩束比的变倍切换功能,采用新型离轴副镜组件设计;为减小镜面变形,离轴主副镜组均采用微应力设计.分析结果表明,在-20~+60℃温度范围内,主副镜组轴向最大位移小于等于0.01mm,主副镜组的反射镜面形误差小于等于71.9nm;系统一阶固有频率108.3Hz,其支撑结构应力响应远小于材料的屈服极限.实际测试发现,系统可实现1:10.02(19.92,25.02)扩束比,满足设计技术指标要求.分析及试验结果表明,系统光机结构设计合理,完全满足实际应用要求.     

基于超声相控阵的环焊缝缺陷检测方法研究

针对传统超声探头焦距固定,检测位置的改变就要更换相应焦距的探头而影响检测效率的问题,提出一种基于超声相控阵换能器的环焊缝缺陷检测方法。而超声相控阵具有电子偏转和电子聚焦特性,能在不移动的情况下发射偏转聚焦超声束,有效地解决了上述问题。首先基于超声相控线阵换能器的声场特点,采用数值分析方法,研究了影响声束偏转聚焦性能的几个主要参数。然后给出了与超声相控阵换能器相连接的多通道数据采集系统结构。介绍了单通道声信号的硬件结构及相应的信号处理方法,实现了对换能器中单个阵元的精确延时的控制。实验结果表明,优化设计的超声相控线阵换能器具有较高的检测精度和检测效率。     

Ultrasonic-assisted catalytic transfer hydrogenation for upgrading pyrolysis-oil

Recent interest in biomass-based fuel blendstocks and chemical compounds has stimulated research efforts on conversion and upgrading pathways, which are considered as critical commercialization drivers. Existing pre-/post-conversion pathways are energy intense (e.g., pyrolysis and hydrogenation) and economically unsustainable, thus, more efficient process solutions can result in supporting the renewable fuels and green chemicals industry. This study proposes a process, including biomass conversion and bio-oil upgrading, using mixed fast and slow pyrolysis conversion pathway, as well as sono-catalytic transfer hydrogenation (SCTH) treatment process. The proposed SCTH treatment employs ammonium formate as a hydrogen transfer additive and palladium supported on carbon as the catalyst. Utilizing SCTH, bio-oil molecular bonds were broken and restructured via the phenomena of cavitation, rarefaction, and hydrogenation, with the resulting product composition, investigated using ultimate analysis and spectroscopy. Additionally, an in-line characterization approach is proposed, using near-infrared spectroscopy, calibrated by multivariate analysis and modeling. The results indicate the potentiality of ultrasonic cavitation, catalytic transfer hydrogenation, and SCTH for incorporating hydrogen into the organic phase of bio-oil. It is concluded that the integration of pyrolysis with SCTH can improve bio-oil for enabling the production of fuel blendstocks and chemical compounds from lignocellulosic biomass.     

An upper bound on the number of frequency hypercubes

A frequency n-cube $F^n(q;l_0,...,l_{m-1})$ is an n-dimensional q-by-...-by-q array, where $q=l_0+...+l_{m-1}$, filled by numbers $0,...,m-1$ with the property that each line contains exactly $l_i$ cells with symbol i, $i=0,...,m-1$ (a line consists of q cells of the array differing in one coordinate). The trivial upper bound on the number of frequency n-cubes is $m^{{(q-1)}^n}$. We improve that lower bound for $n>2$, replacing $q-1$ by a smaller value s, by constructing a testing set of size $s^n$ for frequency n-cubes (a testing set is a collection of cells of an array the values in which uniquely determine the array with given parameters). We also construct new testing sets for generalized frequency n-cubes, which are essentially correlation-immune functions in n q-valued arguments; the cardinalities of new testing sets are smaller than for testing sets known before.     

两阶段目标类指引的行人检测对抗补丁生成算法

针对缘于深度学习模型脆弱性的对抗样本攻击这一国内外热门研究课题，以无人驾驶等实际应用为背景，探讨了针对Yolo-v2行人检测系统的对抗攻击方法;基于Yolo-v2对行人目标的预测置信度和分类概率，提出基于两阶段目标类指引的行人检测对抗补丁生成算法。创新性地提出了目标类指引的攻击策略，通过先后实施目标类指引的对抗补丁生成和对抗补丁增强，有效引导了对抗补丁在训练生成过程中的收敛方向，以此逐步提升对抗补丁攻击行人检测系统的能力;在Inria数据集上实现了79个目标类指引的对抗补丁生成训练与测试。结果表明，算法以“teddy bear”为目标类生成了攻击效果最佳的对抗补丁，行人检测交并比(IOU)指标可达0.043 5，显著优于对照算法的0.244 8。     

有关E-凸函数和E-拟凸函数的水平集

通过反例说明文献[1]给出的一些有关E-凸函数和E-拟凸函数水平集的错误性质,并对文献[1]中错误结论进行了纠正,给出了E-凸函数和E-拟凸函数一些新的性质.     

Recent studies on advance spectroscopic techniques for the identification of microorganisms: A review

The continuous development of resistance to antibiotic drugs by microorganisms causes high mortality and morbidity. Pathogens with distinct features and biochemical abilities make them destructive to human health. Therefore, early identification of the pathogen is of substantial importance for quick ailments and healthcare outcomes. Several phenotype methods are used for the identification and resistance determination but most of the conventional procedures are time-consuming, costly, and give qualitative results. Recently, great focus has been made on the utilization of advanced techniques for microbial identification. This review is focused on the research studies performed in the last five years for the identification of microorganisms particularly, bacteria using advanced spectroscopic techniques including mass spectrometry (MS), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy (RS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Among all the techniques, MS techniques, particularly MALDI-TOF/MS have been widely utilized for microbial identification. A total of 44 bacteria i.e., 6 Staphylococcus spp., 3 Enterococcus spp., 6 Bacillus spp., 4 Streptococcus spp., 6 Salmonella spp., and one from each genus including Escherichia, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Proteus, Clostridioides, Candida, Brucella, Burkholderia, Francisella, Yersinia, Moraxella, Vibrio, Shigella, Serratia, Citrobacter, and Haemophilus (spp.) were discussed in the review for their identification using the above-mentioned techniques. Among all the identified microorganisms, 21% of studies have been conducted for the identification of E. coli, 14% for S. aureus followed by 37% for other microorganisms.