取代喹啉类化合物抗菌活性的定量构效关系及分子设计

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)和逐步回归分析法对15种新合成的取代喹啉类化合物进行了定量构效关系(QSAR)研究. 在B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)水平上计算了取代喹啉的量子化学参数, 通过逐步多元回归分析筛选出影响抗菌活性的主要因素, 建立了定量构效关系方程, 并用留一法交叉分析了模型的稳定性及预测能力. 结果表明, C5的亲核电子密度fNC5及C9-N1的键级BC9-N1是影响喹啉类化合物抗金黄色葡萄球菌活性的主要因素, 所得模型对该类化合物抗菌活性有较好的预测效果. 同时基于QSAR研究结果设计了4个活性较高的新喹啉衍生物.     

金黄色葡萄球菌调控基因agr及sae对其耐热核酸酶分泌的影响

金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus,SA)是一种重要的人畜共患病病原,它能产生一种由nuc基因编码的胞外耐热核酸酶。耐热核酸酶是金黄色葡萄球菌的毒力因子之一,agr及sae位点是编码金黄色葡萄球菌的主要毒力调节因子,研究发现sae调节位点在影响耐热核酸酶的表达上占主导地位。分析金黄色葡萄球菌各毒力因子和金黄色葡萄球菌现有疫苗,为解决金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药性,寻找更好的防治方法,有必要进行探索性实验寻找一种因素或药物,用来阻抑sae调控因子对耐热核酸酶的分泌过程进行调节,从而为金黄色葡萄球菌的防治研究提供一种新材料。     

Synthesis,cytotoxicity and antibacterial studies of symmetrically and non‐symmetrically benzyl‐ or p‐cyanobenzyl‐substituted N‐Heterocyclic carbene–silver complexes

From the reaction of 1H‐imidazole ( 1a ), 4,5‐dichloro‐1H‐imidazole ( 1b ) and 1H‐benzimidazole ( 1c ) with p‐cyanobenzyl bromide ( 2 ), symmetrically substituted N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) [( 3a–c )] precursors, 1‐methylimidazole ( 5a ), 4,5‐dichloro‐1‐methylimidazole ( 5b ) and 1‐methylbenzimidazole ( 5c ) with benzyl bromide ( 6 ), non‐symmetrically substituted N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) [( 7a–c )] precursors were synthesized. These NHC? precursors were then reacted with silver(I) acetate to yield the NHC‐silver complexes [1,3‐bis(4‐cyanobenzyl)imidazole‐2‐ylidene] silver(I) acetate ( 4a ), [4,5‐dichloro‐1,3‐bis(4‐cyanobenzyl)imidazole‐2‐ylidene] silver(I) acetate ( 4b ), [1,3‐bis(4‐cyanobenzyl)benzimidazole‐2‐ylidene] silver(I) acetate ( 4c ), (1‐methyl‐3‐benzylimidazole‐2‐ylidene) silver(I) acetate ( 8a ), (4,5‐dichloro‐1‐methyl‐3‐benzylimidazole‐2‐ylidene) silver(I) acetate ( 8b ) and (1‐methyl‐3‐benzylbenzimidazole‐2‐ylidene) silver(I) acetate ( 8c ) respectively. The four NHC‐precursors 3a–c, 7c and four NHC–silver complexes 4a–c and 8c were characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The preliminary antibacterial activity of all the compounds was studied against Gram‐negative bacteria Escherichia coli, and Gram‐positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus using the qualitative Kirby‐Bauer disc‐diffusion method. All NHC–silver complexes exhibited medium to high antibacterial activity with areas of clearance ranging from 4 to 12 mm at the highest amount used, while the NHC‐precursors showed significantly lower activity. In addition, all NHC–silver complexes underwent preliminary cytotoxicity tests on the human renal‐cancer cell line Caki‐1 and showed medium to high cytotoxicity with IC₅₀ values ranging from 53 ( ± 8) to 3.2 ( ± 0.6) µM. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

硝酸稀土对菜豆属(phaseolus)两个种幼苗期生理效应影响的研究

本文研究了不同浓度的硝酸稀土对菜豆属绿豆和赤豆两个种幼苗的生长以及主要成分、脂肪酶活力和其酯酶同工酶酶谱的影响。结果表明:①稀土浓度对赤豆的生长除500ppm 外,其余的浓度对主要成分的含量有促进作用;②稀土对绿豆的生长因浓度不同而有差别,其主要成分的含量亦不同,但均使酯酶同工酶酶带有所增加。     

金斑喙凤蝶成虫的交配和取食行为观察

１９９７年￣１９９９年在广西大瑶山对金斑喙凤蝶的成虫交配和取食行为进行观察，结果发现：雌雄成虫交配前快速相互追逐直飞高空达１０００ｍ￣１５００ｍ，然后突然双双俯冲而下；资本时雌雄生殖器相互对接，历时０．５ｈ￣３ｈ；交配后雌成虫取食蜜露，第７天开始产卵，第８天死亡；雄成虫交配后不取食，第５天死亡。     

Isolation of berberine tannate using a chromatography activity-guided fractionation from root bark of Berberis hispanica Boiss. & Reut.

Root bark of Berberis hispanica Boiss. & Reut. constitutes an important source of alkaloids and is traditionally used in Algeria and Morocco in many herbal formulations particularly for the treatment of stomach infections and colon cancer. Activity-guided fractionation of Berberis extract is developed by step-gradient elution on column chromatography followed by preparative HPLC to isolate the most antistaphylococcal compound. Solvent extraction-activity screening indicates that ethanol should be used as the extracting solvent as it has exhibited the highest activity against Staphylococcus aureus(Rosenbach ATCC6538) followed by water extract, whereas no activity is recorded for acetone and hexane extracts. Screening of collected fractions from chromatographic separations indicates that the fraction presenting the highest antistaphylococcal activity is identified as berberine tannate by UV spectrum, melting point measurement and confirmed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC/MS). The minimal inhibition concentration value of berberine tannate against S. aureus is evaluated at 5?µg?mL^?1.     

金黄色葡萄球菌自身菌苗治疗痤疮2例

报告了对2名痤疮患者应用金黄色葡萄球菌自身菌苗，进行人工主动免疫的治疗结果。通过增强细胞免疫，消除感染，达到治疗作用。结果证明：金黄色葡萄球菌感染得到控制，痤疮明显好转。     

Development of Chitosan-Based Surfaces to Prevent Single- and Dual-Species Biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Implantable medical devices (IMDs) are susceptible to microbial adhesion and biofilm formation, which lead to several clinical complications, including the occurrence of implant-associated infections. Polylactic acid (PLA) and its composites are currently used for the construction of IMDs. In addition, chitosan (CS) is a natural polymer that has been widely used in the medical field due to its antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties, which can be dependent on molecular weight (Mw). The present study aims to evaluate the performance of CS-based surfaces of different Mw to inhibit bacterial biofilm formation. For this purpose, CS-based surfaces were produced by dip-coating and the presence of CS and its derivatives onto PLA films, as well surface homogeneity were confirmed by contact angle measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antimicrobial activity of the functionalized surfaces was evaluated against single- and dual-species biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Chitosan-based surfaces were able to inhibit the development of single- and dual-species biofilms by reducing the number of total, viable, culturable, and viable but nonculturable cells up to 79%, 90%, 81%, and 96%, respectively, being their activity dependent on chitosan Mw. The effect of CS-based surfaces on the inhibition of biofilm formation was corroborated by biofilm structure analysis using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), which revealed a decrease in the biovolume and thickness of the biofilm formed on CS-based surfaces compared to PLA. Overall, these results support the potential of low Mw CS for coating polymeric devices such as IMDs where the two bacteria tested are common colonizers and reduce their biofilm formation.     

Antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of tannic acid against Staphylococcus aureus

Tannic acid, a rich of natural and process-derived phenolic compound, has been shown to be an effective antagonist against viruses and bacteria. In this study, we determined the antimicrobial activity and mechanisms of tannic acid against Staphylococcus aureus with emphasis on inhibiting effect on biofilm formation. Based on the results of time-kill assay, binding ability assay, lysozyme susceptibility assay and the transmission electron microscope, we tentatively speculated that peptidoglycan might be the target of the process that tannic acid destroy the integrity of cell wall, moreover, tannic acid could reduce the biofilm formation at sub-MIC concentrations. These results manifested that natural product tannic acid could serve as a potentially effective candidate for development of novel strategies to treat methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections.     

两种农药对绿萝根活力及可溶性糖、游离氨基酸含量的影响

研究两种农药对绿萝根系活力及可溶性糖、游离氨基酸含量的影响.结果表明:吡蚜酮各浓度可显著促进绿萝根活力上升,百菌清8、64mg/kg能显著提高绿萝根活力;吡蚜酮处理后绿萝可溶性糖含量呈上升趋势,而游离氨基酸含量则显著下降;百菌清8、16、32、64mg/kg处理后可溶性糖含量显著下降,游离氨基酸含量随百菌清浓度上升呈现出先上升后下降的变化趋势,表明低剂量百菌清诱导了绿萝游离氨基酸的Hormesis效应.