广西有色金属工业尾矿处置模式研究

有色金属工业在采选和冶炼过程中会产生大量的固体废弃物,有色固体废弃物如没有科学有效的管理,就会破坏生态环境,其处置会占用大量的土地,造成土地资源的严重浪费,尾矿是有色金属业固体废弃物的主要来源。研究铝、锡业尾矿的处置在广西有色金属业中有很强的代表性。平果铝土矿和大厂锡矿的成功的尾矿处置模式,为广西有色金属业尾矿处置提供了范例。     

再论拜耳法氧化铝理论溶出率

根据溶出不同类型铝土矿时溶出赤泥矿物相组成不同,阐明了氧化铝理论溶出率的基本概念和本质含义,并评述了不同类型铝土矿的氧化铝理论溶出率的相应表达式。阐明了氧化铝的理论溶出率不仅决定于铝土矿的类型,而且还决定于溶出条件。     

混联法生产氧化铝流程的物流对能耗的影响

以钢铁生产流程中的“基准物流图”概念为基础,提出了氧化铝生产流程基准物流图的概念,构筑了用混联法生产氧化铝流程的基准物流图·并以某混联法氧化铝厂生产数据为依据,分别绘制了该厂的实际物流图和基准物流图,并定量地分析了生产流程的物流对能耗的影响·结果表明:在混联法生产氧化铝的流程中,凡是由外界向某中间工序输入的含氧化铝物料,必有利于节能;凡是由某中间工序向外界输出或返回上游工序处理的含氧化铝物料,必使能耗增加,而且越是后部工序,耗能越多     

Recovery of iron and calcium aluminate slag from high-ferrous bauxite by high-temperature reduction and smelting process

A high-temperature reduction and smelting process was used to recover iron and calcium aluminate slag from high-ferrous bauxite. The effects of w(CaO)/w(SiO₂) ratio, anthracite ratio, and reduction temperature and time on the recovery and size of iron nuggets and on the Al₂O₃ grade of the calcium aluminate slag were investigated through thermodynamic calculations and experiments. The optimized process conditions were the bauxite/anthracite/slaked lime weight ratio of 100:16.17:59.37, reduction temperature of 1450°C and reduction time of 20 min. Under these conditions, high-quality iron nuggets and calcium aluminate slag were obtained. The largest size and the highest recovery rate of iron nuggets were 11.42 mm and 92.79wt%, respectively. The calcium aluminate slag mainly comprised Ca₂SiO₄ and Ca₁₂Al₁₄O₃₃, with small amounts of FeAl₂O₄, CaAl₂O₄, and Ca₂Al₂SiO₇.     

Cu含量对Pd-Cu/铝土矿CO氧化催化剂结构和性能的影响

利用资源丰富的天然铝土矿经NaOH溶液水热处理后焙烧,获得比表面积达174 m²·g^-1铝土矿载体,制备了双金属Pd-Cu为活性组分的催化剂,金属Pd负载量为0.5%（质量百分数）,以CO氧化反应为探针反应,详细考察了Cu含量的变化对催化剂物化性能的影响。研究发现,Cu的引入有利于提高金属Pd的分散度,同时随着Cu含量的变化,金属Pd与Cu之间以及金属与铝土矿载体之间的相互作用随之改变。催化剂的CO氧化反应性能评价结果表明,Pd和Cu负载量分别为0.5%和4%的样品（PdCu₄/MB）催化反应性能最佳。结合表征结果认为,PdCu₄/MB的高活性归因于良好的Pd和Cu分散度,金属Pd、Cu以及金属与载体之间较强的相互作用。此外,CO-TPD表征结果说明较强的CO吸附能力和从载体中获取氧的能力也有利于提高PdCu₄/MB样品的CO氧化反应性能。     

Study on the Sedimentation Capability of Bauxite Flotation Concentrate

The sedimentation behaviors of bauxite flotation concentrates were investigated at different pH values and floceulant dosages. The effects of three types of flocculants （ cationic, anionic and non-ionic polyacrylamide floceulants） as well as the molecular weight of anionic flocculants on the sedimentation of concentrate were studied. It is shown from the experimental results that at the pH 7.0, best sedimentation capability is reached when anionic polyacrylamide flocculant （molecular weight 14 million） is added and the optimal dosage is 30 g/t.     

高硫铝土矿氧化焙烧脱硫的节能条件优化

氧化焙烧法处理高硫铝土矿,具有操作简便、能够同时去除矿石中有机物的优点,但仍存在着能耗高以及一水硬铝石脱水造成氧化铝溶出困难等问题.本研究基于黄铁矿和一水硬铝石的热分析和恒温焙烧实验结果,发现黄铁矿脱硫与一水硬铝石脱水反应起始温度接近,但脱硫反应速率慢而脱水反应速率快,从而提出通过降低焙烧反应温度、延长反应时间来提高脱硫率、抑制脱水率的处理工艺.通过模拟样品和实际样品的焙烧条件优化实验,确定硫含量为3.8%的铝土矿最佳脱硫处理条件为:空气气氛下,焙烧温度460~470℃,焙烧时间15~20min,处理后铝土矿含硫量低于0.5%,符合拜耳法氧化铝生产工艺的要求.     

Utilizing Recyclable Task-Specific Ionic Liquid for Selective Leaching and Refining of Scandium from Bauxite Residue

Ionic liquids (ILs) have attracted great interest in the field of extractive metallurgy mainly because they can be utilized in low temperature leaching processes where they exhibit selectivity and recyclability. A major drawback in mixed aqueous-IL systems, is IL dissolution in the aqueous phase, which leads to IL losses, increasing the overall processing cost. This study advances the method for recovering scandium (Sc) from bauxite residue (BR) using as leaching agent the IL betainium bistriflimide, [Hbet][Tf₂N] mixed with water, which has been reported in previous publications. Ionic liquid leachate (IL-PLS) was prepared by leaching BR with a mixture of [Hbet][Tf₂N]-H₂O and subjected to different stripping experiments using hydrochloric acid. The advancement, presented in this work, is related with the optimization of the metal extraction (stripping) from the IL-PLS, where an aqueous solution with high Sc concentration and minimum metal impurities and minimum IL co-extraction is produced. It is further proven that the metal cation extraction is defined by the stoichiometry of the acidic solution and the dissolution (losses) of the IL in the aqueous phase can be minimized by adjusting the volume ratio and the acid concentration. A two-step stripping process described, achieves the selective increase of Sc concentration by 8 times in the aqueous solution, while maintaining cumulative IL losses to similar levels as the optimum 1 step non-Sc selective stripping process.     

Kinetic theory of interacting particles in dilute suspensions of mineral waste

A kinetic theory of interacting spherical particles in dilute suspension is developed which results in a Boltzmann transport equation. This equation is solved in the relaxation time approximation to calculate the settling velocity of fine particulates in the steady state. The theory is applied to the suspended Jamaican bauxite waste and kaolinite particles. The experimental settling velocity compares well with the calculated values at low concentrations. This treatment can form the basis for a more rigorous theory applicable to denser systems and non-spherical particulates.     

铝矾土空心陶粒支撑剂的制备及性能研究

以尿素为成孔模板,MnO2为烧结助剂,铝矾土粉为球壳包覆材料,采用模板法制备了空心内半径可控的铝矾土空心陶粒支撑剂.运用X射线荧光分析,热分析、XRD和SEM等技术对铝矾土原料粉预处理前后矿物相组成和化学成分及支撑剂产品微观形貌的变化进行了比较分析,探究了原料预处理对支撑剂结构和性能的影响,并对其影响机理进行了分析.结果表明:原料粉体经预处理后可提高支撑剂的强度.在1440 ℃烧结后的主要物相为莫来石相和刚玉相.利用预处理后的铝矾土粉体制备出的空心支撑剂的体积密度为1.35 g·cm-3,视密度2.47 g·cm-3,25 MPa闭合压力破碎率为5.21;,单粒抗压平均值为58 N,试样质量稳定,制备过程较易控制.