陶瓷蜂窝载体表面Ce-Zr-O固溶体涂层的表征

研究了在陶瓷蜂窝载体表面直接涂载Ce-Zr-O固溶体涂层，采用XRD和Raman光谱对Ce-Zr-O固溶体涂层进行了表征，表明在陶瓷蜂窝载体表面形成了具有立方结构的Ce-Zr-O固溶体，高温焙烧有利于固溶体的形成．TPR结果表明，该固溶体涂层的形成使得还原温度降低。     

混合法制备Co-Mo/MgO-Al2O3变换催化剂的XRD和TPR表征

用混合煅烧法制备的Co Mo/MgO Al2O3一氧化碳变换催化剂,在2.0MPa及多种汽气比条件下与同类型催化剂进行活性评价比较,达到德国催化剂K8 11的活性水平.对催化剂及参比样MoO3/Al2O3、MoO3/MgO Al2O3和MgO Al2O3等进行XRD或TPR表征,结果显示Co Mo/MgO Al2O3催化剂存在MoO3、CoMoO4、MgMoO4和MgAl2O4等物种,单纯的Mo在MgO Al2O3载体上分散度比在γ Al2O3载体上低,MoO3的结晶度较高,其还原温度提高;添加Co后,MoO3的分散度得到提高.在Co Mo/MgO Al2O3催化剂的TPR谱中出现属于MoO3(624℃)和CoMoO4(805℃)的两个还原峰,该催化剂对CO变换活性的提高与CoMoO4相的生成密切相关.     

The effect of copper content on the reactivity of Cu/Co6Al2 solids in the catalytic steam reforming of methane reaction

The steam reforming of methane over Cu/Co₆Al₂ mixed oxides with different copper contents was studied. The Co₆Al₂ support was prepared via the hydrotalcite route. It was thermally stabilized at 500 °C, impregnated with 5 wt.%, 15 wt.% or 25 wt.% copper using copper (II) nitrate Cu(NO₃)₂·3H₂O precursor and then calcined again at 500 °C under an air flow. The impregnation of copper enhanced significantly the reactivity of the solids in the considered reaction. The 5Cu/Co₆Al₂ solid was the most reactive one, with a methane conversion of 96% at 650 °C. The selectivities of H₂ and CO₂ were also better for the catalyst containing 5 wt.% copper compared to higher copper loadings. The decrease in the catalytic reactivity with increasing the copper content was attributed to the formation of agglomerated and less reactive CuO species, which were detected by XRD and TPR analyses.     

溶胶凝胶法制备甲醇裂解铜系催化剂

甲醇具有能量密度高、易于储存运输及价格低廉等优点,以甲醇作为氢气载体裂解制H2,可以解决氢气难以储存运输的困难。用于该反应的催化剂较多,铜系催化剂以其价格便宜、毒性小等特点而受到研究者的广泛关注。但是该催化剂在低温下活性不高。本文用溶胶一凝胶法制备技术研制了一系列加助剂的铜系催化剂,进行热重和TPR表征,讨论其在甲醇裂解制氢模型反应中的应用。     

还原气氛下金属－半导体催化体系Pt／MoO_3和Pt／Co_3O_4中电荷和物种传递特性的研究

利用程序升温电导法（ＴＰＥＣ）和程序升温还原法（ＴＰＲ），研究比较了还原气氛下Ｐｔ／ＭｏＯ_３和Ｐｔ／Ｃｏ_３Ｏ_４体系中不同类型的半导体氧化物和吸附氢之间电荷和物种交换的规律．发现微量Ｐｔ通过吸附解离Ｈ_２成为原子氢，在较低温度下大大加快ｎ型半导体氧化物ＭｏＯ_３和氢之间电子传递速度，显著地降低ＭｏＯ_３的还原温度，但在同样条件下却不能有效地活跃ｐ型半导体氧化物Ｃｏ_３Ｏ_４和氢之间的电子传递，因而不能明显地促进Ｃｏ_３Ｏ_４的还原．导致此现象的原因，可能与不同类型的半导体导电机构不同而引起的对氢的敏感程度不同有密切关系．     

Co-Cu/SiO2催化剂的表征

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Co-Cu/SiO2系列的担载型催化剂,采用SBET、TPR、XRD、O2滴定等技术对该催化剂进行了研究,并考察了催化剂在F-T合成反应中的催化性能.结果表明,样品的SBET较大,Co和Cu组分均很好分散;Cu2+的加入使得Co更易于被氢气还原,Co是经由Co3+→Co2+→Co0的还原过程,Cu的还原为Cu2+→Cu0;Cu2+的引入使得样品中钴的还原度增大,对F-T合成的催化性能有了一定的改善.     

Evidence of lanthanum–chromium mixed oxides formed in CrOx/La2O3 model catalysts

CrO_x/La₂O₃ mixed oxides, prepared by impregnating La₂O₃ with appropriate aqueous solutions of (NH₄)₂CrO₄ and calcining at 600 °C for 4 h, have been investigated by means of XRD, TPR, XPS, DRIFTS, and Raman spectroscopy (RS). The formation of the compounds La₂CrO₆, La(OH)CrO₄ and LaCrO₄ under these conditions was evidenced. Strong peaks at 864, 884, 913, and 921 cm⁻¹, as well as weak peaks at 136, 180, 354, 370, and 388 cm⁻¹ in the RS spectrum of CrO_x/La₂O₃ have been assigned to La₂CrO₆.     

钾盐在烟草燃烧过程中的作用

采用等体积浸渍法分别在烟草中加入硝酸钾KNO3、柠檬酸钾K3C6H5O7、草酸钾K2C2O4及酒石酸钾K2C4H4O6，并用差热分析（differential thermal analysis,DTA)、程序升温反应在线质谱分析（temperature-programmed reaction mass spectrometry on-line analysis,TPR-MS)方法对烟草进行了表征，用气相色谱法考察了主流烟气中CO含量的变化。结果表明，加入钾盐后，CO含量都有不同程度的降低。在钾盐含量为0．2475mmol/g的上述四种烟草样品上，烟气中CO含量按空白烟草T＞KNO3／T＞K2C2O4／T＞K3C6H5O7／T＞K2C4H4O6／T顺序排列。DTA给出的低温峰减弱、高温峰增强的结果表明，K^ 的加入改变了烟草燃烧过程中物质的转化历程，从而降低了卷烟的燃烧温度。通过对TPR－MS和DTA结果的联合分析，得出由于钾与烟草中的有机组分作用，含不同钾盐的烟草燃烧时产生了类似的含钾中间物质。证实了K^ 对烟草燃烧的作用机理，说明了钾盐降低烟草燃烧温度的原因。最后，还分析了主流烟气中CO含量的变化与DTA结果间的联系。     

以ZrO_2-Al_2O_3为载体Co-Mo-K耐硫变换催化剂的TPR研究

利用程序升温还原 (TPR)技术 ,研究了ZrO2 对Co/Al2 O3、Mo/Al2 O3、Mo -K/Al2 O3以及Co -Mo -K耐硫变换催化剂氧化还原性能的影响。结果表明 ,ZrO2 的引入 ,使活性组分在载体表面分散的更好 ,促进了Mo -K活性相的形成 ,使Co和Mo的还原变得容易 ,并起到抑制催化剂在反应中被重新氧化的作用。     

TPR and XPS characterization of chromia–lanthana–zirconia catalyst prepared by impregnation and microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition methods

Chromia–lanthana–zirconia catalysts prepared by wet impregnation and microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition methods have been characterized by temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The impregnation procedure requires large amounts of solvent and calcination at high temperatures producing Cr⁶⁺ species. Unlike this, it is found that the microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) method predominantly produces Cr³⁺ species on zirconia-based supports. Moreover, it has been shown that the dispersion of chromium species deposited on zirconia-based support by the PECVD method is higher than the dispersion of those prepared by wet impregnation. Thus, the advantages of PECVD over the impregnation method consist in this case in preventing the use of large amounts of solvent and avoiding the primary formation of poisonous Cr⁶⁺ species as well as in enabling the deposition of chromium species with high dispersion on zirconia-based supports.