河北省太行山低山丘陵区农业综合开发的几个战略问题

本文探讨了太行山低山丘陵区农业综合开发中亟待解决的几个问题。并提出了解决这些问题的具体方法与措施。从而为本区农业生产发展提供了理论依据。     

模糊综合评判在多目标优化设计中的应用

叙述模糊综合评判方法及其在机械设计多目标问题中的应用,指出“型”与“量”两方面的优化处理相结合才能获得真正的最优解。最后以滑动轴承的多目标优化设计为例来说明模糊综合评判的应用过程。     

一种SAR图像Kelvin尾迹反演舰船速度的方法

SAR海洋图像中Kelvin尾迹是所有尾迹中包含较多舰船信息的一个。通过对Kelvin尾迹水动力产生机理和SAR成像机理分析,提出一种从SAR图像中的Kelvin尾迹反演舰船速度的方法。通过改变SAR参数、海况参数和舰船本身几何参数,分别对该方法进行了仿真实验,并对实际SAR图像进行处理。结果表明比传统方法具有精度高、稳定性好的优点。     

Quantitative Screening of Hydrolase Libraries Using pH Indicators: Identifying Active and Enantioselective Hydrolases

Rapid and quantitative screening in 96-well microplates can identify active and enantioselective hydrolases. Hydrolysis of esters releases a proton, which can be detected with pH indicators by colorimetry (figure). Using pure enantiomers, we measured the initial rates of enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis. The relative initial rate approximates the enantioselectivity. This screening greatly speeds up selection of the best hydrolase for a synthesis.     

The First Direct Synthesis of Corroles from Pyrrole

The solvent-free, catalyst-free condensation of pyrrole and aldehydes provides an extremely facile synthetic pathway to novel corroles [Eq. (1); Ar=C₆F₅, 2,6-F₂C₆H₃, 2,6-Cl₂C₆H₃]. The product containing pentafluorophenyl groups is an excellent precursor of other derivatives, including an ionic, water-soluble corrole.     

The Concept of Docking/Protecting Groups in Biohydroxylation

A general principle for biohydroxylation , in which time-consuming screening and enrichment techniques are avoided, is demonstrated by the introduction of a docking/protecting group into the substrate. This facilitates acceptance by the microorganism and allows the use of a narrow range of microorganisms, for example Beauveria bassiana ATTC 7159 (B. b.), for the hydroxylation of compounds with diverse structures. After the biohydroxylation, the docking/protecting group is removed (see scheme).     

融合合成孔径雷达和光学影像的植被覆盖区土壤湿度反演

利用合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar,SAR)卫星可对土壤湿度实现大面积、时间连续的反演.针对此过程中难以消除植被遮挡的问题,提出融合SAR微波数据和光学数据,利用修正水云模型消除植被影响,求解纯粹地表后向散射系数,代入裸土区土壤湿度反演算法进行土壤湿度反演,并在武汉豹澥区域设置实测站点记...     

Rh-catalyzed intramolecular aromatic C–H insertion of α-diazo β-ketoesters: synthesis of 4-carbonyl chroman derivatives

A Rh-catalyzed intramolecular aromatic C–H insertion of α-diazo β-ketoesters was developed. This protocol offers a practical strategy for the synthesis of 4-carbonyl chroman derivatives with high yield and is compatible with a wide variety of substituents. Synthetic applications of the 4-carbonyl chroman were also demonstrated.     

Transition Metals in the Synthesis and Functionalization of Indoles [New Synthesis Methods (72)]

The use of transition-metal complexes as reagents for the synthesis of complex organic compounds has been under development for at least several decades, and many extraordinary organic transformations of profound potential have been realized. However, adoption of this chemistry by the practicing synthetic organic chemist has been inordinately slow, and only now are transition-metal reagents beginning to achieve their rightful place in the arsenal of organic synthesis. Several factors contributed to the initial reluctance of synthetic organic chemists to use organometallic reagents. Lacking education and experience in the ways of elements having d electrons, synthetic chemists viewed organometallic processes as something mysterious and unpredictable, and not to be discussed in polite society. Organometallic chemists did not help matters by advertising their latest advances as useful synthetic methodology, but restricting their studies to very simple organic systems lacking any serious functionality (e.g., the “methyl, ethyl, butyl, futile” syndrome). Happily, things have changed. Organometallic chemists have turned their attention to more complex systems, and more recently trained organic chemists have benefited from exposure to the application of transition metals. This combination has set the stage for major advances in the use of transition metals in the synthesis of complex organic compounds. This review deals with one aspect of this area, the use of transition metals in the synthesis of indoles.