Emergence and collapse of quantum mechanical superposition: Orthogonality of reversible dynamics and irreversible diffusion

Based on the modelling of quantum systems with the aid of (classical) non-equilibrium thermodynamics, both the emergence and the collapse of the superposition principle are understood within one and the same framework. Both are shown to depend in crucial ways on whether or not an average orthogonality is maintained between reversible Schrödinger dynamics and irreversible processes of diffusion. Moreover, the said orthogonality is already in full operation when dealing with a single free Gaussian wave packet. In an application, the quantum mechanical “decay of the wave packet” is shown to simply result from sub-quantum diffusion with a specific diffusivity varying in time due to a particle’s changing thermal environment. The exact quantum mechanical trajectory distributions and the velocity field of the Gaussian wave packet, as well as Born’s rule, are thus all derived solely from classical physics.     

Superposition of two coherent states π out of phase with average photon number as relative phase

This paper discusses nonclassical features of the superposition of two coherent states π out of phase with each other and parameterized solely by amplitude α, that is, when the relative phase has a relationship with average photon number ∣α∣². In particular, it discusses oscillatory and sub-Poissonian photon statistics, degree of quadrature squeezing, and quasiprobability distribution functions. We examine that some nonclassical properties of these states are different from those of the even and odd coherent states.     

态|Ψn(2)>q的广义非线性等阶N次方H压缩效应

构造了一种新型的多模叠加态|Ψ_n⁽²⁾>_q=C_n^(R)|{-iZ_j^*}>_q+C_n⁽⁰⁾|{O_j}>_q;并首次详细地研究了此量子态的等阶N次方H压缩特性.大量的计算和分析表明:态|Ψ_n⁽²⁾>_q是一种多模典型的非经典光场;还发现了"相似压缩"等现象.     

用虚边界-最小二乘法求解弹性力学问题

本文提出了求解弹性力学问题的虚边界-最小二乘法。方法首先根据叠加原理建立了适用于各类边值问题的虚边界积分方程,采用最小二乘法逼近实际边界,从而求得虚拟力。文中给出了该方法的离散形式及计算实例。     

Mn^2＋离子在LiNbO3晶体中的占位研究

本文采用晶场叠加模型和应用高阶微扰公式计算了＾６Ｓ态离子在三角晶场中的零场分裂参量Ｄ、ａ－Ｆ。研究表明，ＬｉＮｂＯ３：Ｍｎ＾２＋晶体中Ｍｎ＾２＋离子占Ｌｉ＾＋位，并且在Ｃｏｎｇｒｕｅｎｔ ＬｉＮｂＯ３晶体中Ｍｎ＾２＋沿Ｃ３轴向八面体中心移动约０．１Ａ。本文结论与ＥＮＤＯＲ研究一致。     

利用简并Λ型三能级原子与单模腔场的Raman相互作用制备压缩态的叠加态

本文提出利用简并Λ型三能级原子与单模腔场的Raman相互作用制备压缩相干态的叠加态的一种新方案,并对单模压缩相干态光场中有关压缩角(即压缩方向)的控制问题进行了详细讨论.     

一种基于数字岩心表面弛豫率确定的新方法

在三维数字岩心的基础上,利用随机游走方法模拟了岩石的核磁共振响应,探索了最大值法、峰值法、叠加法三种确定岩心表面弛豫率的思路。通过实验测得的核磁共振T2谱转换为伪毛管压力曲线与岩心恒速压汞曲线进行刻度以及模拟高孔、高渗砂岩样品的核磁共振响应相结合的办法来确定岩心的表面弛豫率,进而对上述三种方法的可靠性进行验证。最终提出了最大值法确定岩心表面弛豫率的新方法,为准确求取岩石孔隙半径分布打下了坚实的基础。     

利用∧型三能级原子与腔场的Raman相互作用制备二项式态的叠加态

提出了一种制备二项式态的叠加态,亦即类Schr6山nger猫态的方案。在这个方案里,A型三能级原子被送入初始时处于二项式态的腔中,通过原子一腔场的Raman相互作用,原子一胜场系统处于缠结态·通过对原子的选择测量,原子一腔场塌缩到类Schrodnger猫态。     

Demonstrating mesoscopic superpositions in double-well Bose-Einstein condensates

The availability of Bose-Einstein condensates as mesoscopic or macroscopic quantum objects has aroused new interest in the possibility of making and detecting coherent superpositions involving many atoms. We consider the important problem of distinguishing whether a coherent superposition or a statistical mixture is generated by a given experimental procedure, using the specific example of a double-well condensate. In this system, such a superposition state can be generated by using a Feshbach resonance to tune the inter-atomic interactions. We find that unambiguously distinguishing even a perfect ‘NOON’ state from a statistical mixture using standard detection methods will present experimental difficulties.     

Multiport beam-splitter controlled transformations with postselection of superposition single-photon states

Two components of superposition single-photon state are entering into two different ports of multiport interferometer. Interference effects in which the inputs into the interferometer are controlling the outputs are studied. In particular we study a multiport beam-splitter (BS) configuration, in which eight input operators a₀, a₁, a₂…a₇ are mixed by 12 BS's to produce the output operators b₀, b₁, b₂…b₇. Multiport beam-splitter transformations of superposition single-photon states are analyzed with a possible use of postselection effects.