Variable low-mass filtering using an electrodynamic ion funnel

An adjustable low-mass filter has been developed for an electrospray ionization (ESI) source to block ions associated with unwanted background species from entering the mass spectrometer. The low-mass filter is made by using an adjustable potential energy barrier from the conductance-limiting plate of an electrodynamic ion funnel, which prohibits species with higher ion mobilities from exiting the ESI source. We show that this arrangement provides a linear voltage adjustment for low-mass filtering from m/z 0 to 500. Mass filtering above m/z 500 is also performed; however, higher-mass species are attenuated. The mass filter was tested with a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis of a bovine serum albumin (BSA) tryptic digest and resulted in the ability to block low-mass, background species, which accounted for 40-70% of the total ion current immediately behind the ESI source during peak elution and detection.     

基于碘乙酸功能化树枝状聚合物的硫巯化肽段选择性富集新方法

蛋白质的硫巯化是一种重要的氧化翻译后修饰，在细胞衰老、内质网应激、血管舒张、细胞凋亡等过程中扮演重要角色。利用蛋白质组学技术表征硫巯化修饰具有十分重要的意义。该文发展了一种基于碘乙酸功能化的聚酰胺-胺树枝状聚合物（PAMAM-INS），并结合滤膜辅助的样品预处理技术用于硫巯化肽段的富集（简称FADE策略），利用FADE策略能从100倍质量干扰的牛血清白蛋白酶解产物中选择性地富集出硫巯化标准肽段。将细胞培养稳定同位素标记技术引入到FADE策略中，并将其应用于不同浓度梯度硫氢化钠刺激的SHSY5Y细胞硫巯化蛋白质组分析，共鉴定到163条硫巯化肽段。生物信息学的结果表明，硫巯化修饰可能在中枢神经系统中扮演着重要角色。     

MEASUREMENTS OF CHAIN INTERPENETRATION OF POLYMER GLASSES

The concept of entanglement provides the basis of our current understanding of the flow behavior of polymer melts, Current techniques developed to investigate the degree of interpenetration of polymer chains only provide indirectly the information of the degree of entanglement in a relatively large scale （several to tens of nanometer）. In this article, we report ^1H-NMR spectroscopy with dipolar filters under fast magic angle spinning for probing chain interpenetration of polymer glasses at the molecular level.     

A simple optimization strategy based on Rs-minimum and information theory of chromatography

Summary A simple optimization method based on the well-known Rs-minimum method and on the information theory of FUMI Φ is proposed. Resolution (Rs), peak area and height (or width) are the only parameters necessary for the calculation of the information Φ and information flow ϑ. The most precise analysis can be selected as the chromatogram having maximal ϑ. Mobile phase composition, column length, flow rate, detection wavelength, amount of internal standard, etc. can be optimized by this method.     

Influence of Light Scattering by Residual Alumina Nanoparticles on the Analysis of Surfactants Adsorption Using Spectroscopy

The adsorption of a surfactant mixture, based on an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate (SDBS) and a nonionic surfactant (Triton X-100, or TX100), on alumina nanoparticles was determined by solution depletion method combined with spectrometric measurement. It is shown that the light scattering, originated from the residual adsorbent alumina particles in the supernatant after centrifugation separation, interferes with the measurements of absorbance of the surfactant molecules, and therefore constitutes an error source for determination of the surfactant concentration in the supernatant by spectrometric means. The intensity of this light scattering, namely the influence of the residual alumina nanoparticles upon the surfactant adsorption, was related to the surfactant adsorption and its equilibrium concentration and varied among a batch. In this paper we report a Kalman filter method in order to eliminate the variational scattering background caused by non-separated residual alumina nanoparticles in each supernatant. This method is of interest as it is simple, easy to carry out and of high precision.     

Fast-cycle trace analysis of dioxin in flue gas. Monitoring of the incineration of dioxin-containing waste from seveso

The fast trace analysis method used to monitor 2,3,7,8-TCDD in stack gas during the incineration of the waste from Seveso is described. The sampling of volatile organic compounds from flue gases, distributed between all three aggregation states, is based on a micromethod developed for the trace analysis of water using a specially dimensioned adsorptive charcoal filter (1.5 mg charcoal). In conjunction with subsequent GC/MS measurements the rapid “fast cycle trace analysis” ensured specific 2,3,7,8-TCDD detection down to 100 pg per m³ flue gas in cycle times of about 1–2 hours.     

炉前煤低温干馏工艺中的挥发分除尘

为了寻求优化的炉前煤低温干馏工艺中的挥发分除尘方案，在使用400目金属滤网对间歇式粉煤固体热载体热解装置挥发分除尘研究的基础上，将颗粒床过滤器用于该过程的除尘研究。热态除尘实验表明，颗粒床的使用有效地降低了滤网的过滤负荷。选用2mm石英砂和φ5mm×2mm瓷环作为滤料，通过对比实验发现，两种滤料除尘效率均在90％以上；随着过滤操作的进行，由于颗粒床内粉尘的沉积使其过滤效率有所提高，而对气、液收率的影响很小。结果表明，颗粒床与滤网结合可作为粉煤炉前低温干馏工艺中可供选择的挥发分除尘方案。     

捷联寻的制导弹药的新型卡尔曼滤波器设计

针对捷联制导系统的自身特点,设计出用于估计导弹和目标在弹体坐标系中相对运动状态的卡尔曼滤波器,使滤波与制导在同一个坐标系即弹体坐标系内进行,避免了信息在弹体坐标系和惯性坐标系之间的多次转换,从而减少了信息损失.仿真结果表明,该方法能够满足捷联制导系统的要求.     

基于粗糙集理论的图像中值滤波

介绍了粗糙集理论的概念，利用粗糙集理论进行了图像中像素值的分类，提出了一种基于粗糙集理论的图像中值滤波算法，进行了仿真试验，并和传统的图像中值滤波结果进行了视觉上的比较和峰值信噪比指标的比较。实验结果和峰值信噪比指标表明，该算法能有效地滤除图像中的随机脉冲噪声和椒盐噪声，还能使图像保持很好的清晰度。     

电路的电磁兼容性设计

电路的电磁兼容性是指其在一个电磁环境中能正常工作的适应能力．电磁兼容性设计是提高产品可靠性的技术途径之一；提高电路的电磁兼容性有利于提高整个电子设备的可靠性．对电磁兼容的防护性设计中，滤波技术和接地技术，做了较详细的分析，根据具体情况提出抑制各种干扰及工程设计的方法。