Photoinitiated Cationic Polymerization of Unconventional Monomers

Photoinitiated cationic polymerization of unconventional monomers namely, benzoxazines, monothiocarbonates and macromonomers of poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(ethylene oxide) is described. Ring opening polymerization of benzoxazines and thiocarbonates by direct and sensitized photoinitiation using onium salts was studied. The structures of the resulting polybenzoxazine were complex and related to the ring opening process of the protanated monomer either at through oxygen or nitrogen atoms. In the case of monothiocarbonate, the polymerization was accompanied with isomerization of thiocarbonate group. The potential use of macromonomers in photoiniated cationic polymerization to design complex macromolecular structures such as graft copolymers, water-borne photoresist materials and networks with dangling chains was presented. Photoinduced oxidative polymerization of thiophene, precursor for conducting polymers, using onium salts was also demonstrated.     

Coordination Homopolymerization of ω–undecenyl Poly(styrene-block-isoprene) Macromonomers in the Presence of CGC-Ti/MAO Complexes

This paper deals with the coordination homopolymerization of ω–undecenyl poly(styrene-block-isoprene) macromonomers. The synthesis of the macromonomers made use of an anionic living poly(styrene-block-isoprene) copolymer which is deactivated at low temperature by 11-bromo-1-undecene. The ability of these macromonomers to get involved in coordination homopolymerization in the presence of selected titanium catalysts was discussed. Special emphasis was given to the influence of polymerization temperature, macromonomer molar mass and concentration on the yield of homopolymerization and average degree of polymerization (DP_n). In the presence of the CGC-Ti/MAO catalyst, macromonomer conversion, determined by SEC, was between 35 to 52 wt.-%, and DP_n was between 5 to 14 depending upon the experimental conditions. However, as revealed by SEC/LS, the resulting comb-shaped polymers (PE-graft-(PI-block-PS), are characterized by sharp molar distributions. Increasing macromonomer molar mass, led to only a slight decrease of DP_n whereas conversion increased moderately. Other titanium catalysts such as CpTiCl₃/MAO and Cp*TiCl₃/MAO only caused macromonomer dimerization.     

Synthesis of poly(tert‐butyl methacrylate)‐graft‐poly(dimethylsiloxane) graft copolymers via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization

Well‐defined poly(tert‐butyl methacrylate)‐graft‐poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PtBuMA‐g‐PDMS) graft copolymers were synthesized via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization of methacryloyl‐terminated poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS‐MA) with tert‐butyl methacrylate (tBuMA) in ethyl acetate, using 2,2′‐azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) as the initiator and 2‐cyanoprop‐2‐yl dithiobenzoate as the RAFT agent. The RAFT statistical copolymerization of PDMS‐MA with tBuMA is shown to be azeotropic and the obtained PtBuMA‐g‐PDMS graft copolymers have homogeneously distributed branches because of the similar reactivity of monomers (r_tBuMA ≈ r_PDMS‐MA ≈ 1). By the RAFT block copolymerization of PDMS‐MA with tBuMA, moreover, narrow molecular weight distribution (M_w/M_n < 1.3) PtBuMA‐g‐PDMS graft copolymers with gradient or blocky branch spacing were synthesized. The graft copolymers exhibit the glass transitions corresponding to the PDMS and PtBuMA phase, respectively. However, the arrangement of monomer units in copolymer chains and the length of PtBuMA moieties have important effects on the thermal behavior of PtBuMA‐g‐PDMS graft copolymers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011     

Synthesis and characterization of polytulipalin‐g‐polylactide copolymers

Graft copolymers of poly(tulipalin A) (PT) and poly(DL‐lactide) (PDLLA) (PT‐g‐PDLLA) having various graft lengths and ratios were synthesized by free‐radical copolymerization of α‐methylene‐γ‐butyrolactone (MBL) and PDLLA macromonomers (HEMA‐PDLLA) terminated by 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)‐terminated. HEMA‐PDLLA were synthesized by ring opening polymerization (ROP) of DL‐lactide in the presence of HEMA. Both HEMA‐PDLLA and the copolymers were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The thermal properties of the graft copolymers were found to depend on the graft length and the ratio. The copolymers consisting of PDLLA side chains of M_n = 500 Da showed a single T_g between T_gs of the two component polymers, suggesting a miscible state of PT and PDLLA. In contrast, the copolymers consisting of PDLLA side chains of M_n = 1100, 2000, and 7000 Da showed two isolated T_g, suggesting two segregated domains. The AFM phase images of the copolymers supported the single and phase‐separated morphologies for the former and latter systems, respectively. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012     

Synthesis of Hydroxy-Functional PMMA Macromonomers by Anionic Polymerization

Living anionic polymerization has been utilized to synthesize hydroxy end-functionalized PMMA macromonomers with styryl or allyl functionalities as the polymerizable end-groups. Protected hydroxy-functionalized alkyl lithium initiators have been used to initiate anionic polymerization of MMA. Subsequently the living chains with protected hydroxyl function have been terminated using 4-vinylbenzyl chloride (4-VBC) or allyl methacrylate (ALMA) to form α-hydroxy-ω-styryl and α-hydroxy-ω-allyl PMMA, respectively. These protected hydroxy-functionalized PMMA macromonomers have been characterized by GPC and ¹H-NMR. Termination using 4-VBC led to 50% functionalization, whereas that using allyl methacrylate led to 100% functionalization of the hydroxy-PMMA.     

一种弹性共聚物与纳米SiO2形成共混物力学性能研究

将弹性共聚物PBA-g-PMMA与纳米SiO2在130～150℃温度下于双螺杆挤出机中混合制得了共混物.研究表明,随着共聚物的分子量、大分子单体数量及其分子量及纳米SiO2含量的增加,共混物的抗张强度和300％伸长时模量增强,而断裂伸长和永久形变下降.研究显示,当纳米SiO2与二元共聚物的质量比达3％,共混物的抗张强度...     

Structure and thermal degradation of poly(vinyl chloride) synthesized by various polymerization catalyst

Relationship between the structure and the thermal stability of poly(vinyl chloride) synthesized by various polymerization catalysts was investigated. The Cp∗Ti(OPh)/MAO catalyst, n-butyllithium (n-BuLi), the Cu(0)/TREN/CHBr₃/DMSO catalyst, benzoyl peroxide/N,N-dimethylaniline (BPO/DMA), 2,2’-azobis(2.4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (V-65) was used as the polymerization catalyst. The temperature of 5% weight loss was in the following order; Cp∗Ti(OPh)₃/MAO (280 °C) > n-BuLi (264 °C) > V-65 (249 °C) > Cu(0)/TREN/CHBr₃/DMSO (215 °C) > BPO/DMA (209 °C), and the rate of weight loss was the reverse order of T_−5% in the isothermal degradation of the polymer from 160 °C to 220 °C. The T_−5% value of the polymer obtained from the polymerization with Cp∗Ti(OPh)₃/MAO catalyst increased with an increase of the molecular weight of PVC, in contrast to that PVC obtained with the radical initiator did not depend on the molecular weight of the polymer. The T_−5% value of PVC macromonomer was 285 °C, while the temperature of non-functionalized PVC was 262 °C, respectively. It is clear that the PVC macromonomer had a good thermal stability regardless of low-molecular weight.     

新型PLA-PVP两亲性交联共聚物的初步研究

先以聚乙二醇(PEG)为中心嵌段,经消旋-丙交酯(D,L—LA)开环扩链,进而用丙烯酸酯封端制备了可生物降解交联剂。然后以辛酸亚锡为催化剂、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)为共引发剂引发D,L—LA开环聚合,制备了末端双键功能化的大分子单体(PLA-HEMA)。最后以可降解交联剂、大分子单体和N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP)为原料,采用自由基聚合方法合成了新型可生物降解两亲性交联共聚物,并对其亲水性和力学性能进行了研究。     

含氟聚氨酯大分子单体自组装薄膜的制备及摩擦性能

用己二酸和乙二醇在一定的条件下通过酯化和缩聚两步反应合成聚己二酸乙二醇酯（PEA）,测所得聚酯二元醇的酸酯（Av）和羟值（Qv）,得到合成聚氨酯大分子单体的原料.聚己二酸乙二醇酯（PEA）与等量的甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯（TDI-100）反应,加入十三氟-1-辛醇封端,得到含氟聚氨酯大分子单体（FPUOH）.利用分子自组装技术在玻璃基片表面制备含氟聚氨酯薄膜,对其进行结构表征和性能测试.亲水性测试结果表明,自组装薄膜与水的接触角为76.8°,证明了自组装薄膜制备的成功.微摩擦测试结果表明,含氟聚氨酯大分子自组装薄膜修饰的基底具有很好的减摩润滑效果,当载荷为400mN时,自组装薄膜的稳定摩擦系数达到0.09,适合作为轻载荷下的润滑防护保护膜.