Toxic effect of triphenyltin chloride on the alga Spirulina subsalsa

A previous study on the deleterious effect of triphenyltin chloride (TPTCl) on the alga Spirulina subsalsa reported on four physiological and biochemical indices (or parameters): growth rate, chlorophyll content, phycocyanin content and nitrate reductase activity. In the present study, further research was performed to confirm the findings reported in the previous paper, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The SEM images show significant changes in the screw‐pitch of S. subsalsa, suggesting that TPTCl may damage the inheritance characteristics of S. subsalsa. The TEM images illustrate that the external pectin theca, limiting membrane and inter photosynthetically active lamella in the S. subsalsa cell are those targets that can be easily damaged. Reversible and irreversible cell damage (cell necrosis) are also observed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

螺旋藻的研究现状及进展

螺旋藻是一种全天然、高蛋白、营养丰富而均衡、富含多种生理活性物质的功能性食品，具有极高的医疗保健价值，对许多疾病有防御作用。目前螺旋藻在大量研究的基础上形成了以工厂化养殖和深加工为主体的螺旋藻产业，应用前景极其广阔。本文从螺旋藻的生物学特性和食用历史、化学组成和保健功能、应用潜力及前景、遗传育种等几个方面对其研究进展加以综合介绍。     

Study of the Physicochemical and Biological Properties of the Lipid Complex of Marine Microalgae Isolated from the Coastal Areas of the Eastern Water Area of the Baltic Sea

The Baltic Sea algae species composition includes marine euryhaline, freshwater euryhaline, and true brackish water forms. This study aimed to isolate a lipid–pigment complex from microalgae of the Baltic Sea (Kaliningrad region) and investigate its antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Microalgae were sampled using a box-shaped bottom sampler. Sequencing was used for identification. Spectroscopy and chromatography with mass spectroscopy were used to study the properties of microalgae. Antibiotic activity was determined by the disc diffusion test. Lipids were extracted using the Folch method. Analysis of the results demonstrated the presence of antimicrobial activity of the lipid–pigment complex of microalgae against E. coli (the zone diameter was 17.0 ± 0.47 mm and 17.0 ± 0.21 mm in Chlorella vulgaris and Arthrospira platensis, respectively) and Bacillus pumilus (maximum inhibition diameter 16.0 ± 0.27 mm in C. vulgaris and 16.0 ± 0.22 mm in A. platensis). The cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of the lipid complexes of microalgae C. vulgaris and A. platensis were established and their physicochemical properties and fatty acid composition were studied. The results demonstrated that the lipid–pigment complex under experimental conditions was the most effective against P. pentosaceus among Gram-positive bacteria. Antimicrobial activity is directly related to the concentration of the lipid–pigment complex. The presence of antibacterial activity in microalgae lipid–pigment complexes opens the door to the development of alternative natural preparations for the prevention of microbial contamination of feed. Because of their biological activity, Baltic Sea microalgae can be used as an alternative to banned antibiotics in a variety of fields, including agriculture, medicine, cosmetology, and food preservation.     

螺旋藻细胞脱水与再吸纳引起的谱学变化

极大螺旋藻活细胞经过冻干脱水处理,得到脱水的干细胞,在避光条件下,使干细胞再吸纳水,测定处理前后螺旋藻细胞的谱学性质．结果表明：鲜活细胞经脱水处理其光谱发生了明显变化,再吸水后从吸收光谱可以观察到一个恢复的过程．荧光发射光谱则发现,再吸水14h后,藻细胞的光合系数(PSI)逐渐闭合,使传递到PSI的能量发生转移,最终以捕光色素藻蓝蛋白的发射释放出来．     

螺旋藻多糖研究进展

针对螺旋藻多糖制备、生物活性、结构、构效关系及其开发利用前景进行了阐述,为螺旋藻多糖的进一步研发提供参考.     

氯化胆碱在钝顶螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)养殖中的应用初探

螺旋藻是联合国粮农组织和联合国工业发展组织推荐的营养保健品,它的丰富营养物质和明显的药效作用已引起国际上的广泛重视,被誉为明天最理想的保健品和超级食品［１,２］．近来螺旋藻产业在国内外形成了一定的规模,但也存在着生产成本高的问题,如何降低生产成本已成...     

足球运动员服用螺旋藻对体成分、下肢爆发力以及有氧功能的影响

为了探究口服螺旋藻补剂对足球运动员体成分、下肢爆发力以及身体有氧功能的影响,用随机双盲对照实验,将20名男性足球运动员随机选出10名分配至螺旋藻组(SP组),另10名分配至安慰剂组(PB组).在训练前和为期8周训练后分别采集受试者体成分、下肢爆发力及身体有氧能力等数据,采用重复测量方差分析研究组内数据的前后差异.结果表明:8周实验结束后,PB组受试者右下肢肌肉量、纵跳高度、红细胞平均体积显著上升(P<0.05),平均血红蛋白浓度显著下降(P<0.05),其余指标变化不显著(P>0.05). SP组受试者的肌肉量、左上肢肌肉量及右下肢肌肉量、纵跳高度、纵跳最大加速度、纵跳平均输出功率、纵跳总最大功率均显著上升(P<0.05),其他指标前后无显著差异(P>0.05).表明8周螺旋藻补剂的摄入抑制了足球运动员训练氧化应激引起的负面效应,对训练适应有积极作用.     

钝顶螺旋藻的混合营养分批和流加培养

在４Ｌ小型发酵罐对钝顶螺旋藻混合舂批和流加培养进行研究,在混合营养流加２中获得１０．２ｇ／Ｌ的最大细胞浓度,在这个浓度分别是混合营养分批的营养的３．８ ,光合自养分批培养的７．２倍,而细胞们率则分别为混合营养分批２的２．８倍,光合自养分批２的４．９倍。     

不同来源钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白特性比较

 为更大程度地开发利用鄂尔多斯螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白资源,获得螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白提取及保存过程中的最佳参数,对2 藻种藻蓝蛋白硫酸铵盐析饱和度、热稳定性、酸碱稳定性进行了比较。结果显示,在硫酸铵饱和度达到40%时,2 藻种藻蓝蛋白纯度和藻蓝蛋白提取率均达到最高,且鄂尔多斯钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白纯度为引进钝顶螺旋藻的1.67 倍,两者的提取率持平。鄂尔多斯螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白对温度较引进种敏感,除25℃时相差不大外,35、45、55℃等条件下均表现出相比引进种更大的纯度降低率,多数为后者的两倍,但即使鄂尔多斯钝顶螺旋藻纯度降低率较大,降低后的纯度仍然比引进种最高纯度大,显示出鄂尔多斯钝顶螺旋藻在藻蓝蛋白上的优势。在工艺及环境条件允许的情况下,提取鄂尔多斯钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白时,尽量保持在较低温度下操作,如果兼顾提取率和纯度,宜选择55℃以内操作。2 藻种藻蓝蛋白酸碱稳定性上表现出较一致的反应,pH 值5~6 可以保持藻蓝蛋白的最大纯度。