钝顶螺旋藻对阴离子表面活性剂(LAS)的富集与降解

实验考察了使用钝顶螺旋藻富集与降解溶液中的阴离子表面活性剂（LAS）．结果表明,溶液中不同浓度LAS存在下,钝顶螺旋藻的生长符合逻辑斯谛克方程;钝顶螺旋藻对LAS具有一定的富集能力,当LAS的质量浓度为0．5、1、2mg／L时,24h时富集量达到最大,分别为2．43、4．83、10．12mg／g;钝顶螺旋藻对LAS也具有一定的降解能力,当LAS的质量浓度分别为0．5、1、2mg／L时,5d内LAS的降解率分别为87％、80％和70．5％,其降解动力学方程可用二级反应动力学方程很好地拟合,拟合度达到87％以上．     

Low-parachor solvents extraction and thermostated micro-thin-layer chromatography separation for fast screening and classification of spirulina from pharmaceutical formulations and food samples

The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the separation and detection capability of eco-friendly micro-TLC technique for the classification of spirulina and selected herbs from pharmaceutical and food products. Target compounds were extracted using relatively low-parachor liquids. A number of the spirulina samples which originated from pharmaceutical formulations and food products, were isolated using a simple one step extraction with small volume of methanol, acetone or tetrahydrofuran. Herb samples rich in chlorophyll dyes were analyzed as reference materials. Quantitative data derived from micro-plates under visible light conditions and after iodine staining were explored using chemometrics tools including cluster analysis and principal components analysis. Using this method we could easily distinguish genuine spirulina and non-spirulina samples as well as fresh from expired commercial products and furthermore, we could identify some biodegradation peaks appearing on micro-TLC profiles. This methodology can be applied as a fast screening or fingerprinting tool for the classification of genuine spirulina and herb samples and in particular may be used commercially for the rapid quality control screening of products. Furthermore, this approach allows low-cost fractionation of target substances including cyanobacteria pigments in raw biological or environmental samples for preliminary chemotaxonomic investigations. Due to the low consumption of the mobile phase (usually less than 1 mL per run), this method can be considered as environmentally friendly analytical tool, which may be an alternative for fingerprinting protocols based on HPLC machines and simple separation systems involving planar micro-fluidic or micro-chip devices.     

硒对钝顶螺旋藻氧化损伤的拮抗作用的光谱学特性及机制

研究了亚硒酸钠预处理对H2O2氧化胁迫下钝顶螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)的生长、藻丝体形态、谱学特性以及细胞内活性氧(ROS)水平的影响,探究硒拮抗氧化胁迫保护螺旋藻的机制。结果显示,H2O2氧化胁迫明显抑制螺旋藻的生长,藻丝体严重受损,可见光吸收440nm峰增强,620和680nm峰降低;荧光发射和激发光谱特征峰强度明显降低,藻胆蛋白特征发射峰由660nm蓝移至650nm;红外光谱透射峰没有发生位移,蛋白质和多肽的特征谱带酰胺Ⅰ带和酰胺Ⅱ带相对强度降低;细胞内ROS相对含量显著性升高。硒预处理24h呈剂量效应地减轻由H2O2胁迫引起的氧化损伤,有效地抑制胞内ROS的过度累积,提高螺旋藻的抗氧化能力,缓解了氧化胁迫对光能捕获和传递等重要生理功能的影响。     

钝顶螺旋藻藻胆体低速离心制备过程的光谱表征

采用低速离心的简易方法制备钝顶螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)藻胆体,对每次离心所得藻胆体粗提液进行吸收光谱测定.光谱分析表明藻胆体粗提液经3～4次低速离心(13 000 rpm)后,紫外吸收峰位于263 nm,且在400～450 nm有叶绿素的特征吸收,表明藻胆体溶液纯度不高,含微量的Triton X-100及叶绿素.藻胆体溶液经高浓度钾盐沉淀后,其紫外吸收峰由263nm红移至277 nm,吸收光谱中也未出现叶绿素的特征吸收峰,说明藻胆蛋白溶液中已不含Triton X-100及叶绿素.所得藻胆体进一步经层析纯化,纯化的藻胆体的室温荧光发射峰为680 nm,表明已获得均一性高的完整的藻胆体.     

钝顶螺旋藻对7种重金属的富集作用

研究钝顶螺旋藻对７种金属（Ｐｂ、Ｃｕ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｄ、Ａｇ、Ｈｇ、Ｃｏ）的富积作用,表明在一定浓度下,该藻对Ｐｂ的耐受力最强,对Ａｇ、Ｈｇ敏感;Ａｇ、Ｈｇ的生物倍增率最大。Ｐｂ、Ｃｕ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｄ、Ｎｉ５种金属在０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ浓度时,Ｃｕ的生物倍增率最大。     

Unveiling Chemical Cues of Insect-Tree and Insect-Insect Interactions for the Eucalyptus Weevil and Its Egg Parasitoid by Multidimensional Gas Chromatographic Methods

Multidimensional gas chromatography is, presently, an established and powerful analytical tool, due to higher resolving power than the classical 1D chromatographic approaches. Applied to multiple areas, it allows to isolate, detect and identify a larger number of compounds present in complex matrices, even in trace amounts. Research was conducted to determine which compounds, emitted by host plants of the eucalyptus weevil, Gonipterus platensis, might mediate host selection behavior. The identification of a pheromone blend of G. platensis is presented, revealing to be more attractive to weevils of both sexes, than the individual compounds. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were collected by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME), MonoTrap^TM disks, and simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE). Combining one dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) chromatographic systems—comprehensive and heart-cut two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC and H/C-MD-GC, respectively) with mass spectrometry (MS) and electroantennographic (EAD) detection, enabled the selection and identification of pertinent semiochemicals which were detected by the insect antennal olfactory system. The behavioral effect of a selected blend of compounds was assessed in a two-arm olfactometer with ten parallel walking chambers, coupled to video tracking and data analysis software. An active blend, composed by cis and trans-verbenol, verbenene, myrtenol and trans-pinocarveol was achieved.     

影响螺旋藻生物量的因素研究进展

影响螺旋藻生物量的因素作了比较全面的综述，碳源、氮源、光照、温度、pH值、循环速度、溶氧浓度、磁场、激光、各种植物生长调节剂、环境有机毒物等因素对螺旋藻的生物量积累有显著的影响。     

极大螺旋藻(Spirulina maxima)对六种重金属离子的生物吸附作用

研究了极大螺旋藻(Spirulina maxima)对Ag 、Cu2 、Mn2 、Ni2 、Pb2 和Zn2 等六种重金属离子的吸附作用.结果表明在pH5.5,吸附时间2h,重金属离子浓度为50mg/l的条件下,极大螺旋藻对六种重金属离子均有较强的吸附作用,其中对Ag 的吸附作用最强,吸附率为92.87%;对Ni2 的吸附作用最弱,吸附率为40.70%.极大螺旋藻对这6种离子的吸附能力依次为Ag ＞Pb2 ＞Zn2 ＞Cu2 ＞Mn2 ＞Ni2 .     

Te(IV)对钝顶螺旋藻和极大螺旋藻的生物效应

研究了Te(Ⅳ)对西Spirulina platensis和Spirulina maxima两种螺旋藻的生物效应，结果表明，Te(Ⅳ)质量浓度在0．01～2mg／mL范围内对钝顶螺旋藻的生长有促进作用，且1mg／mL的Te(Ⅳ)促进作用最大，在此浓度范围内Te(Ⅳ)对极大螺旋藻生长影响则不明显；Te(Ⅳ)质量浓度大于32mg／mL时对两种螺旋藻均有抑制作用，其对钝顶和极大螺旋藻的半数有效质量浓度(96hEC50)分别为36．1mg／L和87．9mg／L，显微观察结果表明，当ρ[Te(Ⅳ)]≥100mg／L时，两种螺旋藻均出现严重的断裂和变形。