Cloning,Sequencing and Phylogenetic Study of rbcL Gene from Cyanobacteria Arthrospira and Spirulina

Large subunit gene of rubisco (rbcL) of cyanobacteria Arthrospiraplatensis FACHB341, A. platensis FACHB439, A. maxima OUQDSM and Spirulina sp. FACHB440 is cloned, sequenced and characterized. Results show that GC content of the gene in strain Spirulina sp. FACHB440 is higher than that in the others. The alignments based on deduced amino acid sequences indicate that Spirulina sp. FACHB440 is different from that in other three samples of Arthrospira, though they have the same conserved functional sites (95, 98, 121, 124, 221, 257). The nucleotide sequence similarity among the three strains of the genus of Arthrospira (96.5 - 99.6% ) is higher than that between Arthrospira and Spindina (78.1 - 78.5 % ). By comparison of the corresponding sequence of other cyanobacteria, a phylogenetic tree with two clusters is constructed. A. platensis FACHB341, A. maxima OUQDSM and A.platensis FACHB439 form the monophyletic linage, which is fully supported by bootstrap values (1000), while Spirulina sp. FACHB440 and Anabaena sp. PCC7120 cluster in another linage with the bootstrapvalue of 909.     

螺旋藻治疗脂肪肝的疗效观察

目的:观察螺旋藻治疗脂肪肝的临床疗效.方法:150例患者随机分为两组,治疗组98例运用螺旋藻治疗,对照组52例运用降血脂药治疗,两组均以3个月为一疗程,观察治疗前后的临床症状、肝脏超声、肝功能及血脂的变化.结果:总有效率治疗组为89.9%,对照组为65.38%.两组比较,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论:螺旋藻治疗脂肪肝有较好的临床疗效,具有降低血脂、改善肝功能的作用,达到治疗脂肪肝的目的,作用优于对照组,是一种安全有效的治疗脂肪肝的药物,宜于临床推广应用.超声检查是一种有效和方便的监测方法.     

两种补充营养在锯缘青蟹育苗中后期的效果分析

在广西海洋研究所竹林盐场海水增养殖试验基地进行锯缘青蟹(Scylla serrata)育苗中后期(Z3～M)添加投喂螺旋藻和用鱼油强化过的丰年虫两种饵料补充营养实验。实验结果表明,添加螺旋藻可以降低青蟹育苗中期状幼体Z3～Z5的死亡率和缩短育苗周期;用鱼油强化丰年虫后再投喂蟹苗,可以降低Z5～M的死亡率;两种补充方法结合使用,可以明显降低青蟹育苗后期死亡率,缩短育苗周期。     

螺旋藻蛋白质提取工艺研究

以钝顶螺旋藻粉为原料, 经复水、胶磨、均质、浸提, 及等电点法, 提取其中的蛋白质,同时研制出钝顶螺旋藻蛋白质提取工艺条件, 使产品的蛋白质含量达89-8 % . 蛋白质的提取率达98 % .     

低温下两个品系的钝顶螺旋藻质膜蛋白的变化

采用考马斯亮蓝G-250法和SDS-PAGE电泳对经低温处理和低温锻炼的内蒙古鄂尔多斯沙区碱湖的钝顶螺旋藻（S1）和引进非洲Chad湖的钝顶螺旋藻（S2）的质膜蛋白含量和电泳图谱分析表明：两种藻质膜蛋白对低温反应的规律相似,但抗寒性较强的内蒙古鄂尔多斯沙区碱湖的钝顶螺旋藻（S1）质膜蛋白含量比抗寒性较弱的引进非洲Chad湖的钝顶螺旋藻（S2）的高,较低的低温下质膜蛋白降低幅度S1〈S2;直接处理时,抗寒性较强的内蒙古鄂尔多斯沙区碱湖的钝顶螺旋藻（S1）对5℃反应更强。低温锻炼可适当增加螺旋藻的质膜蛋白含量。较低的低温下有分子量较小的新质膜蛋白的合成和分子量较大的旧质膜蛋白的解聚或解体。     

几种水体污染因子对钝顶螺旋藻生长的影响

为确定不同污染因子对钝顶螺旋藻（Spirulina platensis）生长的影响,对五种主要水体污染因子Hg^2 、Cr^6 、Pb^2 、酸雨、苯酚各取5个质量浓度梯度处理钝顶螺旋藻,使其在人工控制的环境下生长,每天测定培养液的光密度OD560,溶氧量DO和pH值以分析其生长情况,结果表明：钝顶螺旋藻对Hg^2 最敏感,对Cr^6 ,Pb^2 和苯酚的敏感性稍低,对酸性环境有较强的抵抗力。     

脱水螺旋藻细胞复水后在不同光强下的谱学性质

将冷冻干燥处理后的极大螺旋藻干粉(脱水细胞)悬浮于NaCl等渗盐水中并添加葡萄糖和尿素,分别置于暗室、自然光照环境和培养箱中,在2,14,26 h后分别测定其吸收光谱、荧光发射和激发光谱的变化。结果表明：在相同时间下,藻细胞复水后的光谱特征峰随光强的不同呈现有规律的下降,暗室下的复水藻细胞特征峰强度最高,而放置在光照培养箱的则最低。说明在水分胁迫和光抑制的双重作用下,经过冷冻脱水的藻细胞复水后无法恢复其正常的光合作用。     

螺旋藻肽对四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病小鼠作用研究

为了评价螺旋藻肽的降血糖活性及对糖尿病小鼠的降糖效果, 采用腹腔注射四氧嘧啶构建2型糖尿病小鼠模型. 实验设对照组、模型组、二甲双胍阳性对照组以及低、中、高3种浓度螺旋藻肽组, 连续喂养糖尿病小鼠21d后检测体重、食物和水消耗量、葡萄糖耐量、血糖和脂代谢相关指标、血清尿素氮、肌酸酐, 观察分析糖尿病小鼠胰腺组织. 结果表明 与模型组相比 螺旋藻肽组有降小鼠血糖和体重作用, 可减少小鼠食物和水的消耗量, 显著改善小鼠葡萄糖耐量; 高剂量的螺旋藻肽组比模型组显著减少了小鼠血清中的总胆固醇、糖基化血清蛋白, 增加了血清胰岛素和肝脏肝糖原含量, 小鼠的胰腺组织明显好转. 研究表明螺旋藻肽具有降血糖活性, 其抗糖尿病作用可能与改善胰岛素分泌功能和调节糖脂代谢有关.     

The Allelopathic Activity of Extracts and Isolated from Spirulina platensis

We determined the allelopathic effects of crude organic (hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol) extracts of the cyanobacterial Spirulina platensis on barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.) and Chinese amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.). The crude ethyl acetate extract showed the highest inhibitory activity and was subsequently fractionated by column chromatography into 23 fractions based on thin-layer chromatography band pattern similarities. Four concentrations (2000, 1000, 500, and 250 ppm) of each fraction were tested for their allelopathic activity. Fractions E6 and E13 exhibited the most significant inhibitory effects against Chinese amaranth. The constituents of the highly active E6F3-E6F5 fractions determined by GC-MS, chromatography, and spectroscopy included the fatty acids, γ-linolenic acid 15, oleic acid 12, and predominantly palmitic acid 7; minor constituents included 2-ethyl-3-methylmaleimide 9 and C₁₁ norisoprenoids (dihydroactinidiolide 10 and 4-oxo-β-ionone 13). Isolation of E13 fraction by column chromatography revealed four C₁₃ norisoprenoids: 3-hydroxy-β-ionone 17, 3-hydroxy-5α,6α-epoxy-β-ionone 18, 3-hydroxy-5β,6β-epoxy-β-ionone 19, and loliolide 20. Their structures were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy. All six isolated norisoprenoids inhibited seed germination and seedling growth of Chinese amaranth at concentrations of 250–1000 ppm. Allelochemicals from S. platensis could be utilized in the development of novel bioactive herbicides.     

钝顶螺旋藻在不同培养条件下的生长及其色素含量

对在不同条件下培养的钝顶螺旋藻的生长及其色素的含量变化进行了研究。采用高效液相色谱法对螺旋藻中的叶黄素／玉米黄质,β－胡萝卜素及叶绿素ａ的含量进行了测定,其最高含量分别为：１．６,２．１和２１．４μｇ／ｍｇ。