南大西洋至几内亚湾冬季海浪传播特性

为解决南大西洋至几内亚湾海域的海浪组成成分、传播特性及来源这3个该海域一直需要解决的问题,建立SWAN （Simulating WAves Nearshore）双层嵌套海浪模型对南大西洋至几内亚湾冬季海浪时空分布进行模拟分析,结果表明：南大西洋海浪有效波高呈高纬度区（30°S以南）向低纬度区（30°S以北）递减的趋势 ,高纬度区海浪传播方向与风场关系密切,低纬度区则与风场差异明显;南大西洋涌浪波高与混合浪波高分布高度相关,涌浪在混合浪中所占比例较大,尤其在风速较小的低纬度海域更为显著;南大西洋中部至几内亚湾存在相对固定的S-SW涌浪系统,其能量在二维海浪谱上分布集中,空间方向上分布范围较窄;模拟时段内几内亚湾呈明显的涌浪主导状态,通过对有效波高最大时刻的一次涌浪过程溯源发现,影响几内亚湾的涌浪可追溯至约6.5天前南大西洋咆哮西风带海域的强风浪。     

煤系页岩有机质特征及有机碳含量预测：以宁武南区块为例

宁武盆地石炭-二叠系太原组-山西组地层广泛发育,但其煤系页岩气勘探程度尚低。本文基于宁武南区块多口钻井页岩样品的扫描电镜观测、有机碳含量测试、岩石热解测试及系列测井数据探讨了宁武南区块煤系页岩展布特征、有机质微观赋存特征和有机质丰度预测方法。结果表明：宁武南区块太原组-山西组煤系页岩连续泥岩厚度达到30m以上,有机质丰度平均达到2.6%,有机质类型以Ⅲ型干酪根为主,显微组分以惰质体与镜质体为主,有机质孔隙主要发育于固体沥青,镜质体与惰质体中零星可见。构建了基于改进ΔlogR法、多元线性回归和神经网络的有机碳含量预测模型,对比预测精度认为反向传播（back propogation, BP）神经网络模型更适用于研究区煤系页岩有机碳含量预测。利用构建的BP神经网络模型对宁武南区块太原组和山西组总有机碳(total organic carbon, TOC)进行预测,指出研究区东北部煤系页岩有机质丰度高（TOC > 3%）,具有较好的勘探前景。     

新生代早期南海北部水系演变

珠江在早渐新世仅是涉及华南沿海地区的小河;到晚渐新世,向西延伸到云贵高原前缘地带;到中新世,现代珠江流域格局初步形成。证据显示,南海北部还发育过一条源自南海西部隆起区的大型水系-昆莺琼古河,后淹没在南海之中,但在南海的沉积充填过程中扮演了重要角色。南海北部水系及沉积环境的重建,对于深刻认识南海新生代早期古地理特征以及该地区的油气勘探均具有重要意义。     

闽南长泰地区景观格局特征及其影响因素分析

利用景观学的研究方法，以GIS技术为支撑，分析了闽南长泰地区耕地、林地(包括果因)、草地、水域、城镇工矿居民用地、未利用土地等景观格局特征，研究了景观多样性优势度、均匀度、破碎化指数、分离度、分维数等景观指数，显示出该区域多样性程度不高，景观类型以林地、耕地、草地单元为主，整体优势度较大，均匀度较低及“南耕北林”的空间景观格局特征，并指出了影响景观格局特征的主要因素是地形地貌特征和人类生产活动。     

华南地区湖南省芙蓉统(上寒武统)的古蠕虫骨片:个体生长对表皮骨片形态的影响

报道最近发现的华南地区湖南省芙蓉统(上寒武统)三维保存的古蠕虫骨片碎片。描述两个新的形态属和两个新的形态种: Hunanoscolex campus 新属新种和Ornatoscolex hunanensis新属新种。大部分标本属于幼体阶段。Hunanoscolex campus体节宽度的巨大差异显示其处于生长发育阶段, 因此可以对个体生长对表皮骨片形态的影响进行研究。虫体生长主要依靠增加单个体节中骨片的数量。位于同一排中的大骨板排列变得疏松。新增加的小骨板和微骨板大小和纹饰基本不变, 但大骨板的纹饰可能存在变化。这些观察结果有助于更好地理解古蠕虫骨片的种内差异, 从而可能提高形态种属分类的准确性。     

Authigenic sulfide minerals and their sulfur isotopes in sediments of the northern continental slope of the South China Sea and their implications for methane flux and gas hydrate formation

This is a report of the study of the authigenic sulfide minerals and their sulfur isotopes in a sediment core (NH-1) collected on the northern continental slope of the South China Sea, where other geo-physical and geochemical evidence seems to suggest gas hydrate formation in the sediments. The study has led to the findings: (1) the pyrite content in sediments was relatively high and its grain size relatively large compared with that in normal pelagic or hemipelagic sediments; (2) the shallowest depth of the acid volatile sulfide (AVS) content maximum was at 437.5 cm (>2 μmol/g), which was deeper than that of the authigenic pyrite content maximum (at 141.5-380.5 cm); (3) δ 34S of authigenic pyrite was positive (maximum: 15‰) at depth interval of 250-380 cm; (4) the positive δ 34S coincided with pyrite enrichment. Compared with the results obtained from the Black Sea sediments by Jorgen-sen and coworkers, these observations indicated that at the NH-1 site, the depth of the sulfate-methane interface (SMI) would be or once was at about 437.5-547.5 cm and the relatively shallow SMI depth suggested high upward methane fluxes. This was in good agreement with the results obtained from pore water sulfate gradients and core head-space methane concentrations in sediment cores collected in the area. All available evidence suggested that methane gas hydrate formation may exist or may have existed in the underlying sediments.     

Deep crustal structure of Baiyun Sag,northern South China Sea revealed from deep seismic reflection profile

This paper discusses deep crustal architecture of the Baiyun Sag of the Pearl River Mouth Basin, northern South China Sea based on velocity analysis, time-depth conversion and seismic interpretation of the deep seismic reflection profile DSRP-2002. The profile was acquired and processed to 14 S TWT by the China National Offshore Oil Corp. (CNOOC) in 2002. It extends across the Baiyun Sag of the Pearl River Mouth Basin, from the northern continental shelf of the SCS to the deepwater province. As the first deep seismic reflection profile in the Pearl River Mouth Basin, this profile reveals seismic phases from basement down to upper most mantle. The Moho surface appears in the profile as an undulating layer of varying thickness of 1-3 km. It is not a single reflector interface, but a velocity gradient or interconversion layer. The crust thins stepwisely from the shelf to the continental slope and the abyssal plain (from north to south), and also thins under depocenters. The crustal thickness is only 7 km in the depocenter of the main Baiyun Sag, which corresponds to a Moho upwelling mirroring the basement topography. In the lower slope and the ocean-continental transition zone of the southernmost portion of the profile, three sub-parallel, NW-dipping strong reflectors found at depths around 10--21 km are interpreted as indications of a subducted Mesozoic oceanic crust. Crustal faults exist in the northern and southern boundaries of the Baiyun Sag. The intense and persistent subsidence of the Baiyun Sag might be related to the long-term activity of the crustal faults.     

台风Utor登陆广东过程的数值研究

台风Utor(0104)于2001年7月6日00时(UTC,下同)在广东汕尾地区登陆,带来比较严重的灾害性天气.以美国国家大气研究中心和宾州大学联合研制的第五代中尺度模式(MM5)为基础设计的台风预报模式比较准确地预报出台风Utor(0104)的移动路径(前24 h的移动路径平均误差为 68 km)和天气现象的分布.在此基础上,设计了3个敏感性试验:①是把华南地区(26°N以南,110°E以东)的陆地变为海洋,②是把华南地区的山地变为平地,③是减小华南地区陆地的粗糙度,即取为近似于静风的洋面上的值.对比数值试验的结果表明:引起台风登陆后减弱的最主要因子是下垫面水汽供应的切断,其次是下垫面粗糙度(摩擦)的影响;地形作用能使迎风坡的降水明显增加,但对台风强度则没有明显的影响.     

华南玄参科两个新归化种及假马齿苋补注

描述华南地区玄参科两新归化种黄花过长沙舅Mecardonia procumbens(Mill.)Small和圆叶母草Linder-nia rotundifolia(Linn.)Alston。另补充描述在玄参科假马齿苋中发现退化雄蕊。     

Evolution of the South China Sea and monsoon history revealed in deep-sea records

As the third summary report of ODP Leg 184 to the South China Sea (SCS), this paper discusses the evolution of the East Asian monsoon and the SCS basin. A multi-proxy approach, involving geochemistry, micropale-ontology, pollen and other analyses, was adopted for reconstructing the evolutionary history of the East Asian monsoon, which was characterized by a series of paleo-climate events especially at 8, 3.2, 2.2 and 0.4 Ma. The new record indicates similar stages in the development of the East and South Asian monsoons, with an enhanced winter monsoon over East Asia being the major difference. The rich spectrums of monsoon variability from the southern SCS also reveal other characteristic features of the low latitude ocean. Evidence for the evolution of the SCS includes the hemipelagic Oligocene sediments, implying the existence of deep water environments during the early seafloor spreading stage of the SCS basin. The four major unconformities and some remarkabl ediagenetic features in upper Oligocene deposits indicate the strongest tectonic events in the region. From a careful comparison of lithologies and sedimentation rates, we conclude that the prominent differences in sedimentary environments between the southern and northern SCS were established only by ～3 Ma.