全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6245篇 |
免费 | 884篇 |
国内免费 | 601篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 4182篇 |
晶体学 | 65篇 |
力学 | 105篇 |
综合类 | 54篇 |
数学 | 289篇 |
物理学 | 1200篇 |
综合类 | 1835篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 18篇 |
2023年 | 95篇 |
2022年 | 362篇 |
2021年 | 349篇 |
2020年 | 347篇 |
2019年 | 265篇 |
2018年 | 248篇 |
2017年 | 310篇 |
2016年 | 382篇 |
2015年 | 382篇 |
2014年 | 466篇 |
2013年 | 483篇 |
2012年 | 489篇 |
2011年 | 440篇 |
2010年 | 316篇 |
2009年 | 378篇 |
2008年 | 317篇 |
2007年 | 286篇 |
2006年 | 246篇 |
2005年 | 223篇 |
2004年 | 195篇 |
2003年 | 153篇 |
2002年 | 140篇 |
2001年 | 100篇 |
2000年 | 105篇 |
1999年 | 84篇 |
1998年 | 77篇 |
1997年 | 69篇 |
1996年 | 72篇 |
1995年 | 40篇 |
1994年 | 35篇 |
1993年 | 39篇 |
1992年 | 30篇 |
1991年 | 29篇 |
1990年 | 30篇 |
1989年 | 23篇 |
1988年 | 27篇 |
1987年 | 21篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 10篇 |
1984年 | 11篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 16篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有7730条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
J. L. Gautier E. Meza E. Silva C. Lamas C. Silva 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》1997,1(2):126-133
The electrochemical insertion of lithium in the spinel-type manganite with the formula ZnNi
y
Mn2–
y
O4 has been studied. The galvanostatic discharge curves show that the best performance is obtained for y = 0.25, where a tetragonal to cubic structural transformation occurs. The thermodynamics and kinetics of the process of insertion
of the lithium into the tetragonal spinel Li
x
ZnNi0.25Mn1.75O4 (x = 0.05–1.3) have been studied. The molar thermodynamic quantities, such as enthalpy, entropy and free energy determined by
EMF-T measurements, varied with the lithium concentration in the oxide structure, and a major variation was observed around
x = 0.8. The chemical diffusion coefficient of lithium in these spinels was also determined. Structural analysis, degree of
oxidation and magnetic susceptibility measurements were carried out for the lithiated oxides in order to obtain the cationic
distribution as a function of x. It has been possible to demonstrate that, upon lithium insertion, Mn4+ ions on B sites are reduced to Mn3+ and then to Mn2+. A cooperative Jahn-Teller effect is present in these spinel manganese-nickel oxides.
Received: 4 February 1997 / Accepted: 11 April 1997 相似文献
92.
将金属元素分为主族、Ⅷ、镧系、其他d区等4个类别,综述了它们在氢气的生产、储存、氢燃料电池等3个氢能利用的主要过程中的作用。对现有研究结果的不完全统计表明,在元素周期表中除放射性金属元素之外的65种金属元素中,有46种金属元素以单质、合金、氧化物、盐等多种形式参与了氢能利用过程,包括作为载体、反应物、催化剂等,其中以铂系为代表的d区金属元素和以镧为代表的轻稀土金属元素应用最为广泛。 相似文献
93.
94.
J. Monaselidze Ya. Kalandadze D. Khachidze 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》1996,46(2):431-440
The influence of mitoxantron (M) and benz(a)pyrene (BP) on chromatin DNA in composition of spleen and liver tissues and cells of BALB/c mice were studied using a high-sensitive differential scanning microcalorimeter. It was established that BP can cause a) the specific breaks in inactive chromatin DNA chain and unfolding of the whole domain (a loop of chromatin) which should lead to uncontrolled genome activation; b) the breaks in the DNA double-helix creating short duplexes.M at low doses, interacting with naked linker DNA of tumor restores the chromatin structure, at high doses or at repeated injections,M causes the disturbance of chromatin structure. 相似文献
95.
Naofumi Terada Minoru Morimoto Hiroyuki Saimoto Yoshiharu Okamoto Saburo Minami Yoshihiro Shigemasa 《先进技术聚合物》2003,14(1):40-51
Oxidized chitosan derivatives with various degrees of oxidation (DS, 0.1–1.0) were prepared by the treatment of chitosan with CrO3/aq HClO4 or by the oxidation of 3‐O‐ and N‐protected chitosan with 30% aq H2O2/Na2WO4 followed by 3‐O‐ and N‐deprotection. The oxidized products were then N‐acetylated with Ac2O in order to improve their water‐solubility. Although the oxidized chitosan derivative of DS 0.28 and the degree of N‐acetylation of chitosan (DA) 38% was insoluble in the pH 3–8 region, that of DS 0.26 and DA 76% was soluble in the neutral pH range. The newly‐prepared acetylated and oxidized chitosan derivatives were found to suppress the chemiluminescence response of inflammatory cells such as canine polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs). Analysis by the surface plasmon resonance method revealed that the bind and release behavior of PMNs to acetylated oxidized chitosan derivatives was similar to that against carboxymethylated chitosan derivatives. The amount of water‐soluble chitosan derivative bound to cytokine IL‐8 was found to be affected by the structural and electronic features of the chitosan substituents in the chitosan chain. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
96.
直接甲醇燃料电池作为未来清洁的动力能源,由于具有下列优点:操作温度低(<100℃)、燃料易储存和运输、能量效率高、污染低和燃料启动快而受到人们广泛的关注。阳极电催化剂是直接甲醇燃料电池最重要的组成部分。本文综述了近三年来直接甲醇燃料电池阳极电催化剂最新的研究进展,主要对催化剂制备方法、新型碳载体材料、催化剂类型作了详细的评述,展望了未来甲醇电催化氧化催化剂的发展,指出了电催化剂面临的问题。 相似文献
97.
A solid leukemia sarcoma has been successfully developed after subcutaneous inoculation of the cultured human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60 cells) into unde mice. The solid leukemia sarcoma is a more plantiful source than the cultured cells for enzymatic study and its growing environment is closer to that of the human body than the cultured cells.We establish an efficient procedure of purifying HL-60 cells DNA methylase which includes: disruption of HL-60 cells by homogenization and sonication, removing the cell fragments and cellular particles by centrifuge and ultracentrifuge (105.000 g); removing endogenous DNA by streptomycin sulfate, salting out by (NH4)2SO4, ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose (DE-52), gel filtration over Sephadex G-100 column.The DNA methylase from HL-60 cells has been purified 204 fold by this procedure. The purified enzyme shows a single-band on PG-PAGE. A 479-kD molecular weight of this enzyme is measured by PG-PAGE. The enzyme properties of HL-60 DNA methylase 相似文献
98.
Weiland P 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2003,109(1-3):263-274
The production of biogas for reducing fossil CO2 emissions is one of the key strategic issues of the German government and has resulted in the development of new process
techniques and new technologies for the energetic use of biogas. Progress has been made in cultivating energy crops for biogas
production, in using new reactor systems for anaerobic digestion, and in applying more efficient technologies for combined
heat and power production. Recently, integration of fuel cells within the anaerobic digestion process was started, and new
technologies for biogas upgrading and conversion to hydrogen were tested. This article describes the trends in Germany for
achieving more efficient energy production. 相似文献
99.
中药柴胡提取物对人肝癌细胞BEL-7402细胞内VCR蓄积的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
目的 测定中药柴胡(BupleurunChineseDC,BCDC)提取物对人肝癌细胞BEL 7402细胞内VCR蓄积的影响,以探索柴胡逆转BEL 7402细胞多药耐药的机制.方法 高效液相色谱法测定BCDC作用于BEL 7402后细胞内VCR蓄积情况的变化.结果 柴胡可使人肝癌细胞BEL 7402细胞内VCR浓度升高(P<0.01).结论 柴胡可以增加VCR在BEL 7402细胞内的积聚浓度,部分逆转BEL 7402细胞的MDR. 相似文献
100.
等速肌力测试和训练技术在膝关节伤病中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
常颍 《阜阳师范学院学报(自然科学版)》2005,22(4):62-66
等速肌力测试和训练技术是一项用于肌肉功能评定和肌肉功能训练的新的和有价值的技术.研究表明,通 过等速肌力测试可对肌肉功能进行定量和客观的评价,可用于运动员运动损伤的康复治疗.就等速技术及其在膝关 节伤病中的应用作一综述. 相似文献