“Smart” Polymers: Physicochemical Characteristics and Applications in Bio-Separation Strategies

In recent years, smart polymers (SPs), which are also referred to as bio-responsive polymers, have gained considerable attention as a unique class of polymers and their applications have been increasing significantly. These so-called “smart” polymers, either synthetic or biological, have been defined as “polymers designed to respond or undergo physical and structural conformational changes/rearrangement in response to slight changes in their surrounding environment”. They are categorized as thermo-, pH-, electro- and magneto-responsive polymers. The advances in upstream bio-production stages and the high cost associated with downstream chromatographic techniques have pushed the development of new alternatives. In this context, the use of SPs, in combination with non-chromatographic technologies, represents a useful approach to the development of new downstream operation units. With the key scientific advancements, SPs have become the “next generation” of the bio-separation tool for eco-friendlier and cost-effective purification. This review describes the different characteristics and classifications of various “smart” polymers available for use in bio-separation strategy. Focus is also given to the recent advances in SP inclusion in the improvement of alternative non-chromatographic methods in downstream bioprocessings.     

智能水电站的研究与发展

智能电网是我国电网发展的一个新方向,水电站是我国电力系统的重要组成部分,是电网智能化建设的重要环节。介绍了智能变电站的结构体系、技术特点,分析了IEC61850标准在智能变电站中的应用。针对国内外水电站的建设现状,探讨我国智能水电站的特征,分析IEC61850在智能水电站中的应用,为水电站的智能化建设及改造奠定基础。     

Designing an epoxy composite coating having dual-barrier-active self-healing anti-corrosion functions using a multi-functional GO/PDA/MO nano-hybrid

The graphene oxide, functionalized with polydopamine (PDA) bio-polymers and molybdate (MO) ions, was incorporated into the epoxy coating. The FT-IR, Raman, UV-visible, XRD, and FE-SEM/EDS analyses were utilized for the GO/PDA/MO nanoparticle characterization. The sequence of inhibitors' release from the nano-hybrid and their effect on the electrochemical behavior of the steel sample was explored by the OCP, polarization, and, EIS analyses in the aquatic saline media. EIS analyses revealed inhibition efficiency of 88% for the sample immersed in the GO/PDA/MO-contained solution after 48 h immersion. The polarization results showed a 91% corrosion mitigation index for the sample submerged in the GO/PDA/MO extract-containing solution after 48 h immersion. An increase of the scratched coating Nyquist diameter, the lower corrosion product, and coating blister formation after exposure to the salt spray chamber, as well as the lower adhesion loss in the pull-off test (26%), revealed that the epoxy coating reinforced with GO/PDA/MO nano-hybrids could mitigate the mild steel corrosion by improving the barrier performance and active corrosion protection (self-healing mechanism) behavior.     

基于KL-散度的智能电网用户特征提取方法

智能电网技术的发展,使得传统电力系统的规模及复杂度大大增加,同时产生了大量的用电数据,如何有效利用数据挖掘技术,从这些海量数据中挖掘出有潜在价值的信息,成为了当前电力系统分析中的一个挑战性问题。首先根据不同的时间段,将用户的用电数据进行划分,在分析每段时间内用户用电数据的基础上,采用KL-divergence（KL-散度）方法衡量用户差异,并结合基于密度改进的K-means算法,给出了一种新的用户特征提取算法,用以描述电网用户的特征差异,从而实现针对不同类别用户制定不同电力营销策略,这在一定程度上能够提高企业经济效益。最后,算例仿真结果表明,所给出的用户特征提取算法在计算的时间效率和准确性上,较传统方法都有了明显的提升。     

Modeling and simulation of chemo-electro-mechanical behavior of pH-electric-sensitive hydrogel

A chemo-electro-mechanical multi-field model, termed the multi-effect-coupling pH-electric-stimuli (MECpHe) model, has been developed to simulate the response behavior of smart hydrogels subject to pH and electric voltage coupled stimuli when the hydrogels are immersed in a pH buffer solution subject to an externally applied electric field. The MECpHe model developed considers multiphysics effects and formulates the fixed charge density with the coupled buffer solution pH and electric voltage effects, expressed by a set of nonlinear partial differential governing equations. The model can be used to predict the hydrogel displacement and the distributive profiles of the concentrations of diffusive ionic species and the electric potential and the fixed charge density in both the hydrogels and surrounding solution. After validation of the model by comparison of current numerical results with experiment data extracted from the literature, one-dimensional steady-state simulations were carried out for equilibrium of the smart hydrogels subject to pH and electric coupled stimuli. The effects of several important physical conditions, including the externally applied electric voltage, on the distributions of the concentrations of diffusive ionic species, the electric potential, the fixed charge density, and the displacement of the hydrogel strip were studied in detail. The effects of the ionic strength on the bending deformation of the hydrogels under the solution pH and electric voltage coupled stimuli are also discussed.     

基于区块链的属性分级访问控制方案

传统的数据访问控制方法无法满足教育大数据环境下的数据共享和数据安全的要求。文章提出基于区块链属性分级访问控制机制,旨在解决访问控制中心化和访问效率低的问题。通过智能合约实现访问控制的去中心化、可追溯且可审计的访问控制过程,提高访问控制可信度和数据共享的安全性;通过设置数据隐私等级和访问用户当前信誉等级实现访问控制策略,提高用户的访问效率。实验结果表明该方案能够实现控制去中心化、提高访问效率,实现访问控制可靠、可追溯,保证数据的安全与共享。     

智能天线在卫星定位抗干扰中的应用

介绍了自适应波束形成技术的基本原理,结合卫星定位系统的特点,提出了一种将自适应波束形成技术应用于卫星定位接收机抗干扰系统的解决方案.该方案利用卫星星历和惯性导航器件的输出来构造卫星信号的方向向量,对阵列接收信号的协方差矩阵利用其最大似然估计逼近,在最大化输出SINR准则下求出相应的最佳权值向量.仿真结果显示利用该最佳权值向量能够有效地对单干扰和多干扰在干扰来向形成深度零陷,同时在卫星信号来向保持一定的增益,能较好地满足卫星定位抗干扰系统对前端天线阵抗干扰能力的需求.     

科学发展观与生态城市水资源保护

本文以胡锦涛书记的关于“科学发展观”的重要讲话为指导,结合当今国内快速城市化地区水资源的保护现状,吸取了美国等发达国家对于城市水资源保护的经验和先进方法,有针对性地提出了目前国内城市切实可行的十大类措施,可供借鉴。     

基于BU-61580与USB的MIL-STD-1553B总线控制卡的设计

MIL-STD-1553B总线是一种军用串行总线,具有完整的总线通信协议,具有很高的可靠性,在航空、航天、汽车电子等领域有广泛的应用。USB总线是一种常用的通用串行总线,USB完整的通信协议使得USB传输具有很高的传输速率,接口通用性强等优点,为了在地面测得飞机或者卫星等应用上的1553B总线通信是否正常,需要专门的总线控制卡来进行通信测试,本文介绍了一种基于BU-61580和USB芯片设计的1553总线控制卡,该控制卡实现1553B总线控制的基本功能,包括读取和发送数据,发送方式控制字,向总线广播数据等基本的总线消息,同时继承了USB的各种优点,即支持即插即用功能,传输速度高,支持可编程的消息控制模式,并且介绍了这种总线控制卡的实现方法,包括BU-61580与USB芯片的硬件连接和软件实现,最后介绍了控制卡的测试结果。     

Acoustic absorbers at low frequency based on split-tube metamaterials

The remarkable properties of acoustic metamaterials have attracted massive researches and applications, especially on low-frequency sound absorptions. Currently, most of the acoustic metamaterial absorbers employ resonances in plastic cavities, and their structural strengths are important in many circumstances, especially in harsh environment. However, studies of metamaterials including this point are very scarce. Here, we propose an acoustic metamaterial for low-frequency (<500 Hz) absorptions, composed of three nested square split tubes with inverted opening directions. The efficiency of the absorber is investigated both numerically and experimentally, and absorptions at the peeks are found to exceed 90% and the frequency can be effectively adjusted by tuning its geometric parameters. We further test its yield strength under compression and confirm its buckling behavior happens from the outmost layer. This tunable acoustic metamaterial with a fairly good mechanical strength may lead to broad applications in noise reduction.