仿丝素纤维的研究进展

简要回顾了外观和形态仿蚕丝发展技术,重点分析了结构仿蚕丝丝素的国内外研究现状,探讨了结构与功能仿丝素纤维的途径、方法和存在的困难,包括丝素再生、聚氨基酸合成、聚氨基酸与非肽片段共聚物合成、基因工程法仿丝素蛋白质的合成及其纤维化等.基于天然大分子蚕丝丝素与合成高聚物聚氨酯同时具有类似的酰胺链结构和微相分离的聚集态结构,提出了以含有丝素特征寡肽片段的特殊聚氨酯仿丝素纤维的可行性构想,以期有助于蚕丝合纤化.     

基于生态理念的丝绸之路旅游产品结构优化与升级研究

针对丝绸之路旅游产品类型单一．旅游资源粗放式开发经营,使得旅游生态环境面临困境,旅游产品生命周期缩短等问题．指出从生态保护视角认真研究丝绸之路旅游产品的优化与升级刻不容缓．提出实施以生态旅游为“根”、文化旅游为“魂”的旅游发展新格局．构建多元化旅游产品类型,制定突出生态环境保护的旅游发展规划等相应的优化策略．     

LA-ICP-AES分析丝绸之路且末出土玻璃器成分特点

位于丝绸之路南道上的新疆且末古国扎滚鲁克墓地M133墓和M49墓分别出土了一批珍贵的玻璃料珠和一件玻璃杯,时代为东汉-南北朝时期(公元1～6世纪)。利用激光刻蚀电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(LA-ICP-AES)对这批样品进行化学成分分析,并讨论了这一方法的优势与准确性。分析数据显示,这批样品具有典型的西方钠钙玻璃的成分特点。根据现代西方古代玻璃研究体系中助熔剂的不同,这批玻璃又划分为泡碱玻璃和植物灰玻璃两类,并对玻璃成分的相似性与差异进行探讨。该研究以玻璃为载体反映了且末古国与西方的贸易与文化交流的历史,而且为玻璃的产地来源与制作工艺研究提供了重要的参考。     

丝绸之路经济带旅游业发展与生态文明建设的耦合协调度研究

通过构建旅游业发展与生态文明建设评价指标体系,采用熵权法和综合评价法测算2009年、2012年、2015年和2018年丝绸之路经济带各省区旅游业发展与生态文明建设的综合评价指数,并运用耦合协调度模型及相对发展模型研究了丝绸之路经济带旅游业发展与生态文明建设的耦合协调关系.研究表明：1)研究期内丝绸之路经济带旅游业发展与生态文明建设的耦合协调发展区域差异明显,空间格局上呈现出东部、南部高于其他地区的差异特征,不平衡问题突出;2)旅游业发展与生态文明建设的耦合协调水平整体偏低,总体水平还处于濒临失调阶段,旅游业发展还需要更长时间与生态文明建设进行磨合;3)旅游业发展与生态文明建设的耦合协调发展过程具有一定稳定性,但处于边缘省区的协调发展水平易出现极化的现象,未来应重视旅游业与生态文明建设耦合协调质量的提高,促进旅游业与生态文明建设优质协调发展.     

Relationships of Aegilops tauschii revealed by DNA fingerprints: the evidence for agriculture exchange between China and the West

Genetic diversity and relationships of wild goat grass (Aegilops tauschii Cosson) from Iran and Xinjiang, west China, as well as its weedy type from the Yellow River region of Shaanxi and Henan provinces in China were analyzed by simple sequence repeat (SSR) fingerprinting. A high level of genetic diversity in Aegilops tauschii accessions from Iran was observed, and the richness of genetic diversity was followed by accessions from Shaanxi, Henan, and Xinjiang. The weedy type of Aegilops tauschii showed a close genetic relationship with the wild type from different regions in Iran. The results indicated that the weedy Aegilops tauschii found in the Yellow River region was most likely introduced from Iran—the diversity center of Aegilops tauschii. The weedy Aegilops tauschii populations found in the Yellow River region may be brought into the central part of China as a weed species together with common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from the west during various periods of time in history. This finding has provided strong evidence for the introduction of common wheat from the West into China via the Silk Road, and also demonstrated the important role of the Silk Road in the exchange of agriculture and other relevant technologies between China and the West.     

Brush drawing multifunctional electronic textiles for human-machine interfaces

Electronic textiles are a promising candidate for futuristic multifunctional clothes. However, the fabrication of robust and reproducible printed electrodes with high mechanical durability, high biocompatibility, and stable electrical performance under various mechanical deformations continues to pose a challenge. In this study, a silk fabric with printed carbon nanotube (CNT) patterns is used to produce a smart electronic textile (E-textile) for multifunctional applications. The printed CNT electrodes are used in triboelectric devices, electrically activated heaters, real-time electrophysiological sensors, and tactile sensors. The E-textile can be used as an electrically activated thermal patch to generate heat on cloth for providing warmth to the human skin and for therapy. Owing to the micro hierarchical pores of the fabric, skin contact generates a power density of about 0.7 mW cm⁻² via effective contact electrification.     

利用X射线衍射光谱研究丝织品的老化

中国考古出土的丝织品数量大,种类丰富,是中国古代文化遗产的重要组成部分,但由于丝蛋白易于降解老化的材料特性,有许多保护问题需要研究解决。对古代丝织品老化程度、老化特征的分析检测有助于了解丝织品的保存状况,并可为保护方法的选择与改进提供帮助。文章通过X射线衍射分析对丝织品老化特征及结晶度的变化进行了研究。样品为经光老化、热老化和水解老化的白色丝织品和出土于湖北、陕西、内蒙古、青海的古代丝织品。X射线衍射分析结果表明,X射线衍射分析可以揭示丝织品的老化作用过程和老化特征,以及相应结晶度的变化,对于出土古代丝织品保存状况及老化机理的研究来说具有实用价值。同时还可为了解古代染织工艺的发展提供信息。     

SIZE EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHIC COLUMN PACKED WITH REGENERATED CELLULOSE GELS*

Microporous regenerated cellulose gel particles were prepared by mixing cellulose cuoxam with silk fibroin aspore former, and the mean pore size and pore volume of the pallicles were 525 nm and 7.27 mL g~(-1), respectively. Apreparative size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) column (550 mm×20 mm) packed with the cellulose gel particles wasused for the fractionation of two polysaccharides Dextran 07 (M_w = 7.14×10~4, d= 1.7) and Dextran 50(M_w = 50.5×10~4,d = 3.8) in water phase. The fractionation range of the stationary phase covered M_w from 3×10~3 to 1.1×10~6. The dailythroughput was 2.9 g for Dextran 07 (D07) and 4.3 g for Dextran 50 (D50) with a flow-rate of 1.5 mL min~(-1). The fractionsobtained by using the SEC were analyzed by an analytical SEC combined with laser light scattering (LLS), and thepolydispersity indices of fractions for Dextran 07 and Dextran 50 were determined to be 1.34-1.57 and 1.53-3.36,respectively. The preparative SEC is a simple, rapid, and suitable means not only for the fractionation of polysaccharides inwater but also for other polymers in organic solvents.