Characteristics of strontium isotopes and their implications in the Qixing Cave of Guizhou,China

The strontium isotopic compositions (87Sr/86Sr) of samples including soils, bedrock, soil waters, drip waters and their corresponding speleothems in the Qixing Cave (QXC), Guizhou Province, China, were systemically measured and analyzed. The results indicate that there are significant Sr isotopic differences among samples. The mean 87Sr/86Sr ratios in drip water for the samples 1#, 4# and 9# were 0.709568, 0.709139 and 0.708761, respectively, which possibly result from different flow paths, residence times, and other hydrogeological processes in the unsaturated zone overlying QXC. Meanwhile, levels of 40.8%, 57.6% and 72.4% of Sr in drip waters for 1#, 4# and 9#, respectively, were derived from bedrock dissolution, which was calculated by the mixture model of the two end-members (soil and bedrock). There is, however, no positive correlation between the relative proportion from bedrock dissolution (δ13C value is 1.8‰) and drip water δ13CDIC values. The mean drip water δ13CDIC value in 1# is the heaviest (–4.5‰) with the lowest contribution rate of bedrock dissolution, whereas the value in 9# is the lightest (–9.3‰) with the highest contribution rate of bedrock dissolution. The proportion from host rock dissolution in 4# is higher than that in 1# and lower than that in 9#, while its mean drip water δ13CDIC value (–8.6‰) is higher than that of 9# and lower than that for 1#. This suggests that the prior calcite precipitation (PCP) processes in the unsaturated zone overlying the cave are responsible for the δ13CDIC value differences between different drip waters, and not bedrock dissolution. Furthermore, this study also demonstrates that the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of speleothems in the 1# and 4# mainly reflect the variation in the relative proportions from the soil system (soil water) and bedrock dissolution overlying the cave. It is, therefore, feasible to use the strontium isotopic signals of speleothems as an indicator for soil chemical weathering intensity, and consequently as a monsoon proxy in the study area.     

稳定同位素技术对贵州青菜洞和癞子洞营养级关系的研究

本文应用稳定同位素技术对贵州喀斯特洞穴青菜洞和癞子洞生态系统的营养级关系进行研究。结果表明,青菜洞和癞子洞食物链的碳源主要为洞穴内土壤有机质,为第一营养级(即初级生产者);洞穴内软体动物的螺类和节肢动物的裸灶螽、马陆等主要以土壤有机质和颗粒有机物为食,为第二营养级(即初级消费者);洞穴内的节肢动物的蜘蛛类和脊椎动物主要以其他动物为食物,为第三营养级(即次级消费者)。本文中青菜洞Δδ15 N的富集因子为2.9‰,癞子洞Δδ15 N的富集因子为2.46‰。     

Apports de la colorimétrie et de la spectroradiométrie à la caractérisation in situ des peintures paléolithiques de la grotte Chauvet (Ardèche,France)

The colour of the Palaeolithic paintings on cave walls has been studied primarily in a qualitative way and, more rarely, from the physical angle. Our approach is based on the production of colorimetric measurements in caves, by means of the acquisition of energy radiance spectra with a portable spectroradiometer that can function without contact, several metres away from the decorated walls being studied, thus respecting the constraints of conservation. The colour of parietal works is an element that needs to be taken into account for their archaeological study and conservation. But observation is insufficient and only the measurement of colour makes it possible to compare distant works on rocky supports with different colourings and surface conditions.This article shows the methodology used, and it takes stock of the experience acquired in the research programme on the Chauvet Cave. It also attempts to show the benefits of taking spectroradiometric measurements on prehistoric artworks. However, the in-situ study of their colour cannot be a substitute for chemical and mineralogical analyses and the characterization of the materials, either sampled or in place. Its interest lies in its capacity for detecting even minimal changes in condition and composition. So our objective has been to establish comparisons between the graphic entities to identify the origins of the variations detected in their optical signatures. These variations can be linked to the nature of the colouring materials, but also to their position on the wall, a consequence of the application methods and sometimes also of later removals through taphonomic processes such as water run-off. Alterations (patinas) and coverings (notably veils of calcite or clay) have also been taken into account in our analysis of the data. Hence, we carried out experiments in calcification of surfaces to evaluate the case – quite frequent in caves – of calcite covering a coloured surface, outside of any other phenomenon of alteration. The first results lead us assume that it is possible to identify the signature of a veil of calcite on given colouring materials and also to present hypotheses about the nature of colouring materials covered by a veil of calcite.     

洞穴高原鳅属一新种记述

描记在云南省泸西县阿庐古洞地河中采到的高原鳅属一新种,以采集地命名为阿庐高原鳅,新种与云南高原鳅相近但有下列特征可明显区别：①新种前段略平扁,体长为体高的１０．６倍;②尾较细,体长为尾柄高约１４．８倍;③眼小,趋近于盲眼,头长为眼径的１８０．０倍;④鼻瓣发育成鼻须状;⑤尾叉形;⑥体表裸露无鳞无斑。     

叙大铁路某隧道溶洞超前预报及处理技术研究

跟随叙大铁路尹家岩隧道开挖,对其做了超前预报。当隧道开挖至DK70+551,在其后方出现一大型溶洞,分析了该溶洞的形态特征、岩性、水文地质等情况,提出了换填+护墙、改线和桥梁跨越3个方案,从工期、投资、技术条件、施工难易程度等进行比较,决定采用换填+护墙处理方案进行整治。     

\"避振穴\"的减振效能

“避振穴”对高速艇良好的减振效果已通过两艘实艇实验得到证实。文中介绍第二艘实艇装设“避振穴”后的减振效果,在装设“避振穴”前后经过测试,证明“避振穴”的减振效果显著,且对艇速没有影响。为了提高“避振穴”所用橡胶板的强度和耐用性,研制了专用橡胶材料,在第二艘试验艇上应用效果良好。     

重庆秀山县岩溶地区公路边坡溶洞治理方案

岩溶地区公路边坡具有地面坡度陡峭,基岩破碎程度高,坡积及残坡积层分布复杂,地下水活跃以及边坡治理施工条件困难等特点。其加固处理不但要考虑溶洞本身的受力情况,更需要考虑边坡的整体稳定性。通过对重庆秀山县岩溶地区边坡中出现的垂直于滑坡面的溶洞受力分析,从边坡的整体稳定性出发,研究岩溶地区公路边坡坍塌的应急加固治理方案。     

磁法勘探解析延拓算法在探测地下洞穴中的应用

通过对某地下防空洞探测的磁异常数据的研究,以解析延拓的方法作了向上与向下的延拓．结果表明：解析延拓算法的研究,对确定地下异常体与更精确圈定其几何形态是非常有效的．     

广西洞穴金线鲃属一新种

描记采于广西天鹅县板么乡一洞穴的金线鲃属一新种，以采集地县名命名为天鹅金线鲃Sinocyclocheilus tianeensis Li,Xiao et Luo.sp.nov.新种与产于乐业的鸭嘴金线鲃S.anatirostris Lin et Luo相近，但有下列特征可明显区别：①新种体被密集细鳞，后者裸露无鳞；②新种眼虽退化，但仍能见到隐于膜下的小眼，后者眼已完全退化成盲眼；③新种体色紫褐色，后者无色呈半透明状。     

圆梁山隧道毛坝向斜段岩溶洞穴的发育深度探讨

在剖析岩溶发育深度控制模式的基础上 ,分析了毛坝向斜岩溶发育的控制性基准面 ,认为毛家院子以南 ,向斜核部及东翼 ,岩溶洞穴发育深度在海拔 90 0 m以上 ;向斜西翼及毛家院子以北的核部及东翼 ,岩溶洞穴发育深度应在海拔 85 0 m以上。