冷端温度对无极灯253.7nm共振谱线的影响

无极灯是一种长寿命、低汞害、无频闪的新型电光源,其光效在很大程度上取决于253.7nm共振谱线的辐射效率。通过原子发射光谱分析,实验研究了冷端温度对253.7nm共振谱线的影响规律。研究发现,253.7nm共振谱线的辐射效率随冷端温度变化近似呈正态分布,即无极灯工作存在一个最佳冷端温度。运用气体放电理论对实验结果进行了定性分析,对无极灯光效的提高具有指导意义。     

神木气田低渗致密储层特征与水平井开发评价

鄂尔多斯盆地东部神木气田是长庆气区目前增储上产的重要组成部分,系统研究其储层特征、空间叠置结构及水平井开发适用性对气田科学开发具有重要意义。实验分析表明,神木气田山西、太原组储层岩石类型主要为岩屑石英砂岩、岩屑砂岩及石英砂岩,孔隙类型以溶蚀孔、晶间孔及粒间孔为主,储层孔隙度分布于2.0%~10.0%,平均为6.6%,渗透率分布于0.10~1.00 mD,平均为0.83 mD,整体属低孔、致密砂岩储层。测试分析表明,孔隙度5.0%、渗透率0.10 mD、含气饱和度45%为有效储层物性下限标准。基于密井网解剖,将有效砂体空间结构类型划分为多层孤立分散型、垂向多期叠加型、侧向多期叠置型等3种。研究表明,神木气田不适合开展大规模水平井开发,可在有限地区进行局部式水平井部署。     

Analysis of pesticide residues in tobacco with online size exclusion chromatography with gas chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry

An ultrasensitive method for the simultaneous analysis of pesticides residues in tobacco was developed with online size exclusion chromatography with gas chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Tobacco samples were extracted with the solvent mixture of cyclohexane and acetone (7:3, v/v) and centrifuged. Then, the supernatant liquors were injected directly into the online size exclusion chromatography with gas chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry without any other purification procedures after being filtered with a 0.22 μm organic phase filter. The matrix interferences were effectively removed and recoveries of most pesticides were in the range of 72–121%. Especially, for chlorothalonil, the analysis efficiency of this method was much more favorable than that of the general method, in which dispersive solid‐phase extraction was used as an additional purified procedure. In addition, the limits of quantitation of this method were from 1 to 50 μg/kg. Therefore, a rapid, cost‐effective, labor‐saving method was proposed in the present work, which was suitable for the analysis of 41 pesticide residues in tobacco.     

Instrument for generation of volatile organic compounds for the development of chemical sensors and evaluation of tube-type diffusive sampling

An automatic calibration apparatus for the dynamic generation of organic vapours was developed. The accurately controlled stream of nitrogen was drawn at a low flow-rate through a thermostated container filled with the standard substance, thus generating a continuous stream of saturated vapour of the compound. The compound holder vessel was thermostated at −16°C. A large stream of pure carrier gas was mixed with a low stream of substance in a mixing chamber for dilution. The fittings were manufactured from PTFE, and tubes were made of special PTFE with an inert inner surface to eliminate the wall adsorption and to decrease the cross-diffusion. Moisture interferences were reduced using a Nafion membrane filter. The vapour generator was validated by diffusive sampling and gas chromatographic methods. Standard mixtures have been prepared containing toluene at concentrations ranging from 3 to 3000 ppm. The combined uncertainty of preparative and analytical error components associated with the concentration of the analytes at the 95% confidence level typically ranges from 2 to 5% relative, depending upon the concentration. The measured and the calculated values were compared and good correlation (r²>0.99) was found.     

气固相同晶取代法制备Ti-ZSM-5及其催化性能的研究

以Ｂ－ＺＳＭ－５沸石为母体,经过盐酸洗涤脱硼后,采用气固相同晶取代法制备了Ｔｉ－ＺＳＭ－５沸石．考察了制备条件如反应温度、反应时间和载气流速等对产品沸石中钛物种的配位状态和含量的影响．发现进入Ｔｉ－ＺＳＭ－５骨架中的钛含量存在一个极限值．ＦＴ－ＩＲ、ＵＶ－Ｖｉｓ表征技术和丙烯环氧化反应结果表明：不同气固相反应条件下制备的Ｔｉ－ＺＳＭ－５沸石具有不同的物化性质．骨架钛含量高而非骨架钛含量低的钛沸石具有较高的丙烯环氧化催化活性．     

Analysis of fatty acids in sputum from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry preceded by solid-phase microextraction and post-derivatization on the fiber

A method based on solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and post-derivatization on the fiber coupled to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was developed for the analysis of fatty acids in sputum from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. The sputum specimens were digested, hydrolyzed, extracted, derivertized, injected and analyzed without cultivation or isolation of the microorganism. Under optimized conditions, the relative standard deviations (RSD, n = 5) for all analytes were below 17% and the limits of detection varied from 1.68 (C_24:0) to 150.4 μg L⁻¹ (C_12:0). Good linearity was observed for all the fatty acids studied except for C_12:0 within a wide concentration range of three orders of magnitudes with the correlation coefficients ranging from 0.91 (C_24:0) to 0.99 (C_14:0). Fatty acids in sputum specimens from 21 persons were directly analyzed using the proposed method. The results show that in all the sputum specimens from patients, who were clinically diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB), tuberculosis stearic acid (TBSA) was detected, while in all the sputum samples from persons without TB, TBSA was not found. The possibility of using the proposed method to detect mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) via the identification of TBSA in sputum was discussed. The comparison with other methods including sputum culture and microscopy of direct smears indicated that the proposed method is fast and sensitive for the analysis of fatty acids in sputum and offers an alternative for the detection of MTB in sputum.     

苏里格气田盒_8段沉积相及砂体展布特征

苏里格气田盒8段是重要含气层位。本次研究充分利用钻井岩心、录井和测井资料,对该地区沉积相和砂体展布进行分析。研究认为该段从盆地北部由北向南依次发育辫状河沉积相和毯式浅水辫状河三角洲相,辫状河沉积相包括河道亚相和洪泛沉积两种亚相,毯式浅水辫状河三角洲相包括三角洲平原亚相、三角洲前缘亚相、前三角洲亚相。对盒8段砂体展布进行研究表明,在平面上顺物源方向呈现出条带状的分布特征,厚度变化差异较大,但平面上分布较为连续。     

测井资料在和顺地区煤层气评价中的应用

本文分析了由于煤储层岩性的复杂性、物性的非均质性及含气的隐蔽性导致的煤层气测井解释面临的困难,展示了和顺地区测井评价在煤层气储层划分、工业组分分析、含气量计算、弹性模量计算、压裂效果分析等方面取得的成果,提出了解决煤层气非均质、非线性储层评价问题的一些思路。     

微生物提高辽河稠油采收率技术研究

为了探讨利用本源微生物提高稠油采收率新技术 ,详细研究采用微生物富集分离方法从辽河海河油田稠油区块原油、地层水中分离筛选出了三株对稠油有降解作用的本源细菌 ,并将其应用于该区块原油模拟驱油试验研究 .结果表明 :水驱后的油藏中存在能降解稠油并产生羧酸 ,酯 ,醇和二氧化碳等产物的微生物 ;室内可通过调整培养物配方激活微生物 ,使三次采收率提高 2 3 7% ;各单一菌种对原油的作用机制不同 ,它们能协同大幅度提高原油产量 .因此 ,在经过更详细的微生物区系分析后 ,该区块稠油有望实现本源微生物驱 .