Method for tumor recognition with short dynamic PET images: theory and simulation study

A new method was provided in this paper to recognize tumor in PET images automatically and reduce the waiting time of patient. Based on the unsupervised clustering algorithm (ISODATA), this method diagnoses tumor with short dynamic PET images. The theoretical basis of this method is that the metabolic characteristics of different tissues, represented by time activity curve in the region of interest, are distinctive. The computer program was developed and validated using simulated dynamic PET data with small tumor in lung. Simulation study shows that, this method could recognize tumor with the short dynamic PET data in 10 min successfully, and this method was not sensitive to initial cluster center.     

煤层瓦斯运移的模拟现状分析

本文从实验技术和数值模拟两方面分析了煤层瓦斯渗流、瓦斯抽放、瓦斯涌出和瓦斯突出的模拟现状,总结了前人的研究成果,提出了新的研究方法Boltzmann,这为进一步探讨矿下瓦斯运移提供新的思路。     

由IGBT组成的降压BUCK电路的建模及应用仿真

本文利用Matlab仿真软件,建立由IGBT元件组成的Buck降压电路的仿真模型,针对其工作原理,选择电容、电感、脉冲频率等技术参数,仿真系统效果,分析BUCK降压电路的作用及效果。     

应用Pro／E对凸轮机构动力学分析的方法

本文从运动仿真角度入手,详细介绍应用野火版Pro／E3．0软件对凸轮机构的运动过程进行分析并记录运动过程中的参数,通过对得到的测量参数的进行系统性分析,提出科学的见解,帮助产品设计者检查所设计的模型是否符合生产实际的需要以及发现在运动过程中出现的问题,有针对性的对零件的欠合理部分进行评估和再设计,以提高产品的性能,使之更好的满足生产实际需求.     

混合线性模型最小二乘估计的模拟分析

本文首先用最小二乘估计的方法构造混合线性模型参数的估计量,在一定的假设条件下,进行数值模拟,以说明所构造的估计量的有效性。并给出一个实际算例来体现混合线性模型在实际当中的重要应用。     

Optimal numerical method for simulating dynamic flow of gas in pipelines

Finite difference methods for solving the linear model describing unsteady state flow in pipelines are considered in the present paper. These methods are compared with each other in order to determine the best one, which meets the criteria of accuracy and relatively small computation time.     

Square wave adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry automated by sequential injection analysis Potentialities and limitations exemplified by the determination of methyl parathion in water samples

This paper describes the development and evaluation of a sequential injection method to automate the determination of methyl parathion by square wave adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry exploiting the concept of monosegmented flow analysis to perform in-line sample conditioning and standard addition. Accumulation and stripping steps are made in the sample medium conditioned with 40 mmol L⁻¹ Britton-Robinson buffer (pH 10) in 0.25 mol L⁻¹ NaNO₃. The homogenized mixture is injected at a flow rate of 10 μL s⁻¹ toward the flow cell, which is adapted to the capillary of a hanging drop mercury electrode. After a suitable deposition time, the flow is stopped and the potential is scanned from −0.3 to −1.0 V versus Ag/AgCl at frequency of 250 Hz and pulse height of 25 mV. The linear dynamic range is observed for methyl parathion concentrations between 0.010 and 0.50 mg L⁻¹, with detection and quantification limits of 2 and 7 μg L⁻¹, respectively. The sampling throughput is 25 h⁻¹ if the in line standard addition and sample conditioning protocols are followed, but this frequency can be increased up to 61 h⁻¹ if the sample is conditioned off-line and quantified using an external calibration curve. The method was applied for determination of methyl parathion in spiked water samples and the accuracy was evaluated either by comparison to high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection, or by the recovery percentages. Although no evidences of statistically significant differences were observed between the expected and obtained concentrations, because of the susceptibility of the method to interference by other pesticides (e.g., parathion, dichlorvos) and natural organic matter (e.g., fulvic and humic acids), isolation of the analyte may be required when more complex sample matrices are encountered.     

Development and validation of an HPLC method for the determination of benzodiazepines and tricyclic antidepressants in biological fluids after sequential SPE

A novel method for the simultaneous determination of six benzodiazepines (BZDs) and four tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) in biological fluids by HPLC with UV detection at 240 nm has been developed. After a deproteinization step biological fluids were analyzed by direct injection. SPE on Nexus cartridges was also applied. Since two compounds, namely imipramine and diazepam, were coeluting, a sequential SPE protocol has been developed. BZDs were eluted by a mixture of methanol/ACN(1:1), followed by the elution of TCAs with methanol. Separation was performed on a Kromasil C8 column (250 x 64 mm(2) id, 5 microm) using a mobile phase of 0.05 MCH3COONH4/ACN/methanol (initial composition 55:15:30 v/v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min delivered by a gradient program within 15 min. Colchicine was used as the internal standard (4 ng/microL). The method was linear for all analytes up to 20 ng/lL, with coefficients of regression between 0.996 and 0.99996. LODs and LOQs were 0.08-1.17 and 0.28-3.91 ng/lL, respectively. Recovery was in the range of 92.8-108.7% for within-day and 91.9-109.9% for between-day assays, with RSD values lower than 10.0% for all matrices.     

Simulation of the Collisional Cooling Effect in a Quadrupole Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer

Examination of the collisional cooling effect of the buffer gases on ion trapping and detection in an ion trap mass spectrometer has been undertaken by the SIMION 3D program. Computation for the kinetic energy of ions under various conditions was used to account for the effects of collisional cooling of ions. Several parameters that may affect the collisional cooling effects of ions are evaluated including the existence and the variation of pressure of the buffer gas; the temperature of the ion trap; the size of the inner radius of the ion trap electrodes; the mass to charge ratio of ions; the alternative buffer gases and the q_z. values which establish the ion trap trapping environment.     

Exploiting the bead injection LOV approach to carry out spectrophotometric assays in wine: application to the determination of iron

A sequential injection lab-on-valve (SI-LOV) system was used to develop a new methodology for the determination of iron in wine samples exploiting the bead injection (BI) concept for solid phase extraction and spectrophotometric measurement. Nitrilotriacetic Acid (NTA) Superflow resin was used to build the bead column of the flow through sensor. The iron (III) ions were retained by the bead column and react with SCN⁻ producing an intense red colour. The change in absorbance was monitored spectrophotometrically on the optosensor at 480 nm. It was possible to achieve a linear range of 0.09-5.0 mg L⁻¹ of iron, with low sample and reagent consumption; 500 μL of sample, 15 μmol of SCN⁻, and 9 μmol of H₂O₂, per assay. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of iron in wine, with no previous treatment other than dilution, and to other food samples.