“关系式在初中化学计算中的应用”课例研究

基于《化学教育》等期刊文献和核心素养的研究成果,分析了关系式在初中化学计算中的地位和作用。通过“关系式在初中化学计算中的应用”课例,提出了高效复习的建议：要宏观认识复习课的目标和功能,帮助学生形成基本的化学观念、提高问题的解决能力、树立自信心。还应精心设计好各个微环节的活动,达到复习效益最大化。     

Optimization of heterogeneous Catalyst-assisted fatty acid methyl esters biodiesel production from Soybean oil with different Machine learning methods

There is a growing attention to the bio and renewable energies due to fast depletion of fossil fuels as well as the global warming problem. Here, we developed a modeling and simulation method by means of artificial intelligence (AI) for prediction of the bioenergy production from vegetable bean oil. AI methods are well known for prediction of complex and nonlinear process. Three distinct Adaptive Boosted models including Huber regression, LASSO, and Support Vector Regression (SVR) as well as artificial neural network (ANN) were applied in this study to predict actual yield of Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) production. All boosted utilizing the Adaptive boosting algorithm. The important influencing parameters on the biodiesel production such as the catalyst loading (CAO/Ag, wt%) and methanol to oil (Soybean oil) molar ratio were selected as the input variables of models while the yield of FAME production was selected as output. Model hyper-parameters were tuned to maintain generality while improving prediction accuracy. The models were evaluated using three distinct metrics Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and R². Error rates of 8.16780E-01, 4.43895E-01, 2.06692E + 00, and 3.92713 E-01 were obtained with the MAE metric for boosted Huber, SVR, LASSO and ANN models. On the other hand, the RMSE error of these models were about 1.092E-02, 1.015E-02, 2.669E-02, and 1.01174E-02, respectively. Finally, the R-square score were calculated for boosted Huber, boosted SVR, and boosted LASSO as 0.976, 0.990, 0.872, and 0.99702, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that although the boosted SVR and ANN models were better models for prediction of process efficiency in terms of error, but all algorithms had high accuracy. The optimum yield of 83.77% and 81.60% for biodiesel production were observed at optimum operating values from boosted SVR and ANN models, respectively.     

Co3+-Rich Na1.95CoP2O7 Phosphates as Efficient Bifunctional Catalysts for Oxygen Evolution and Reduction Reactions in Alkaline Solution

Implementing sustainable energy conversion and storage technologies is highly reliant on crucial oxygen electrocatalysis, such as the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the pursuit of low cost, energetic efficient and robust bifunctional catalysts for OER and ORR remains a great challenge. Herein, the novel Na-ion-deficient Na_2−xCoP₂O₇ catalysts are proposed to efficiently electrocatalyze OER and ORR in alkaline solution. The engineering of Na-ion deficiency can tune the electronic structure of Co, and thus tailor the intrinsically electrocatalytic performance. Among the sodium cobalt phosphate catalysts, the Na_1.95CoP₂O₇ (NCPO5) catalyst exhibits the lowest ΔE (E_J10,OER−E_J−1,ORR) of only 0.86 V, which favorably outperforms most of the reported non-noble metal catalysts. Moreover, the Na-ion deficiency can stabilize the phase structure and morphology of NCPO5 during the OER and ORR processes. This study highlights the Na-ion deficient Na_2−xCoP₂O₇ as a promising class of low-cost, highly active and robust bifunctional catalysts for OER and ORR.     

武汉大学"化学拔尖计划"的探索与实施

详细介绍了武汉大学"化学拔尖计划"的探索与实施,包括学生的选拔机制、培养模式和管理模式。学生的选拔依照"严入口、小规模、高水平"的原则进行;从课程体系、教学内容、教学方法和评价机制四个方面介绍了学生的培养模式;对学生的管理采用导师制和书院制并行的方式。     

高效大面积有机白光照明研究及其展望

白光有机发光二极管(OLED)是新一代健康节能照明光源,光效性能已超过荧光灯水平。自从OLED技术问世以来,研究人员陆续开展了关于OLED照明的研究工作。本文介绍了OLED照明的特点,以及国内外OLED照明发展现状,讨论了发展OLED照明技术和装备国产化所亟待解决的重大难题和面临的挑战,重点论述了发展高效大面积OLED照明器件制备技术及推动OLED照明产业化的重要意义。     

生物制药专业化学课程群建设研究

从课程内容的整合、教学过程的优化、实验教学的管理以及网络资源的开发利用等方面,阐述了生物制药专业化学课程群的建设方法。整合课程内容方面,通过迁移与分散、删减与归并重组教学内容,实现无机化学-有机化学-生物化学-分析化学-药物化学课程的交叉链接,设置基于知识系统性和应用性的教学专题,激发学生学习的主动性;教学过程中,团队精心制作课件,教师充分利用传统板书并融合现代教学模式,创设高效课堂;实验教学时,实验项目模块化,基础实验微课化,实验内容网络化;同时,利用“泛雅”资源,积极开发在线课程。化学课程群的创建,促使了化学类课程的协同作用和协调发展,达到了教学过程的最优化。     

基于改进自适应混沌控制的逆可靠度分析方法

自适应混沌控制方法是一种高效、稳健的逆可靠度分析方法,但在求解强非线性凹功能函数时,计算效率仍然有待提高,且可能会陷入局部最优.通过对混沌控制因子更新策略进行改进,提出了基于改进自适应混沌控制的逆可靠度分析方法.数值算例分析表明:该方法能够有效地改善混沌控制因子自适应选取时的合理性,具有更好的收敛性和更高的计算效率,为结构可靠度分析和可靠度优化问题提供了更加高效、稳健的求解途径.     

A step-by-step guide to building two-population stochastic mortality models

Two-population stochastic mortality models play a crucial role in the securitization of longevity risk. In particular, they allow us to quantify the population basis risk when longevity hedges are built from broad-based mortality indexes. In this paper, we propose and illustrate a systematic process for constructing a two-population mortality model for a pair of populations. The process encompasses four steps, namely (1) determining the conditions for biological reasonableness, (2) identifying an appropriate base model specification, (3) choosing a suitable time-series process and correlation structure for projecting period and/or cohort effects into the future, and (4) model evaluation.For each of the seven single-population models from Cairns et al. (2009), we propose two-population generalizations. We derive criteria required to avoid long-term divergence problems and the likelihood functions for estimating the models. We also explain how the parameter estimates are found, and how the models are systematically simplified to optimize the fit based on the Bayes Information Criterion. Throughout the paper, the results and methodology are illustrated using real data from two pairs of populations.     

均值-方差准则下的多期最优保险投资(英文)

近年来,最优保险投资问题吸引了越来越多的注意。一般这个问题是在连续时间框架下来研究的。本文针对这一问题建立离散时间的最优控制模型。应用动态规划原理求解模型对应的近似问题,得到了最优投资策略和投资有效边界的解析表达形式。本文得到的最优投资策略和投资有效边界均依赖于承保参数。通过数值例子分析了承保参数对最优投资策略和有效边界的影响。     

带多面体控制锥的锥约束凸向量优化问题的有效解集的非空有界性的刻画

本文刻画了控制锥为多面凸锥的锥约束凸向量优化问题有效解集的非空有界性．然后将其中的一个重要条件应用于一类罚函数方法收敛性的研究．