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51.
We have carried out some photon interaction measurements using 59.54 keV γ-rays from a 241Am source. These include γ attenuation studies as well as photoelectric absorption studies in various samples. The attenuation studies have been made using leaf and wood samples, samples like sand, sugar etc., which contain particles of varying sizes as well as pellets and aqueous solutions of rare earth compounds. In the case of the leaf and wood samples, we have used the γ-ray attenuation technique for the determination of the water content in fresh and dried samples. The variation of the attenuation coefficient with particle size has been investigated for sand and sugar samples. The attenuation studies as well as the photoelectric studies in the case of rare earth elements have been carried out on samples containing such elements whose K-absorption edge energies lie below and close to the γ-energy used. Suitable compounds of the rare earth elements have been chosen as mixture absorbers in these investigations. A narrow beam good geometry set-up was used for the attenuation measurements. A well-shielded scattering geometry was used for the photoelectric measurements. The mixture rule was invoked to extract the values of the mass attenuation coefficients for the elements from those of the corresponding compounds. The results are consistent with theoretical values derived from the XCOM package.  相似文献   
52.
Li F  Xiang D  Qin Y  Pond RB  Slusarski K 《Ultrasonics》2011,51(5):561-570
Sensitization in 5XXX aluminum alloys is an insidious problem characterized by the gradual formation and growth of beta phase (Mg2Al3) at grain boundaries, which increases the susceptibility of alloys to intergranular corrosion (IGC) and intergranular stress-corrosion cracking (IGSCC). The degree of sensitization (DoS) is currently quantified by the ASTM G67 Nitric Acid Mass Loss Test, which is destructive and time consuming. A fast, reliable, and non-destructive method for rapid detection and the assessment of the condition of DoS in AA5XXX aluminum alloys in the field is highly desirable. In this paper, we describe a non-destructive method for measurements of DoS in aluminum alloys with an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT). AA5083 aluminum alloy samples were sensitized at 100 °C with processing times varying from 7 days to 30 days. The DoS of sensitized samples was first quantified with the ASTM 67 test in the laboratory. Both ultrasonic velocity and attenuation in sensitized specimens were then measured using EMAT and the results were correlated with the DoS data. We found that the longitudinal wave velocity was almost a constant, independent of the sensitization, which suggests that the longitudinal wave can be used to determine the sample thickness. The shear wave velocity and especially the shear wave attenuation are sensitive to DoS. Relationships between DoS and the shear velocity, as well as the shear attenuation have been established. Finally, we performed the data mining to evaluate and improve the accuracy in the measurements of DoS in aluminum alloys with EMAT.  相似文献   
53.
降雨对532nm和1064nm激光传输的衰减特性研究   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
降雨会对激光信号产生严重的衰减,从而给激光目标探测的应用带来一定影响.激光在降雨中的传输衰减已在红外波段做了大量的实验研究,而可见光波段激光在雨中的传输衰减特性还未见报道.基于夫琅禾费衍射和几何光学散射理论,建立雨滴对532 nm绿激光和1064 nm近红外激光光束的传输衰减模型,对比分析两波长激光在不同降雨量下的衰减...  相似文献   
54.
在中国原子能科学研究院的HI 13串列加速器上通过157Gd(19F,5n)171Ta重离子熔合蒸发反应布居了171Ta的高自旋态,以多普勒移动衰减法的峰形分析法分析了171Tah9/2质子1/2[541]转动带的6条能级的寿命,得到了这6条能级的平均寿命值. The high spin states of~(171)Ta have been populated via heavy ion fusion evaporation reaction~(157)Gd(~(19)F, 5n)~(171)Ta at the HI-13 tandem accelerator in China Institute of Atomic Energy. The lifetimes of the high spin states in~(171)Ta have been measured by using the Doppler Shift Attenuation Method (DSAM). Six levels of its h_(9/2) proton 1/2\ band have been analyzed and their lifetimes have been deduced from the experimental data.  相似文献   
55.
研究利用最小电离的质子和已知能量的电子来刻度铅–闪烁光纤夹层电磁量能器.对最小电离粒子输出响应进行光纤衰减修正后,利用最小电离质子的输出响应对量能器测量单元进行标定,然后对不同入射能量的电子事例进行能量重建,重建能量与入射能量有很好的线性关系.本文还对最小电离的质子与μ子对量能器测量单元的输出响应进行了比较,发现二者在误差范围内是一致的.  相似文献   
56.
受激布里渊散射对激光在水中衰减特性的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
测量了不同能量的光束,通过不同长度的水介质在窄线宽与宽线宽两种情况下的衰减系数,研究了受激布里渊散射对激光在水中衰减特性的影响.结果发现,激光光束在水中传播时的衰减系数与激光光强和线宽有关,而不是通常情况下所认为的常数.还从理论上进行了分析.  相似文献   
57.
The behavior of seismicity in the area candidate to suffer a main shock is investigated after the observation of the Seismic Electric Signal activity until the impending main shock. This is based on the view that the occurrence of earthquakes is a critical phenomenon to which statistical dynamics may be applied. In the present work, analysing the time series of small earthquakes, the concept of natural time chi was used and the results revealed that the approach to criticality itself can be manifested by the probability density function (PDF) of kappa(1) calculated over an appropriate statistical ensemble. Here, kappa(1) is the variance kappa(1)(=-(2)) resulting from the power spectrum of a function defined as Phi(omega)= summation operator(k=1)(N) p(k) exp(iomegachi(k)), where p(k) is the normalized energy of the k-th small earthquake and omega the natural frequency. This PDF exhibits a maximum at kappa(1) asymptotically equal to 0.070 a few days before the main shock. Examples are presented, referring to the magnitude 6 approximately 7 class earthquakes that occurred in Greece.  相似文献   
58.
The sound attenuation phenomena is investigated for a spin- 3/2 Ising model on the Bethe lattice in terms of the recursion relations by using the Onsager theory of irreversible thermodynamics. The dependencies of sound attenuation on the temperature (TT), frequency (ww), Onsager coefficient (γγ) and external magnetic field (HH) near the second-order (Tc)(Tc) and first-order (Tt)(Tt) phase transition temperatures are examined for given coordination numbers qq on the Bethe lattice. It is assumed that the sound wave couples to the order-parameter fluctuations which decay mainly via the order-parameter relaxation process, thus two relaxation times are obtained and which are used to obtain an expression for the sound attenuation coefficient (α)(α). Our investigations revealed that only one peak is obtained near TtTt and three peaks are found near TcTc when the Onsager coefficient is varied at a given constant frequency for q=3q=3. Fixing the Onsager coefficient and varying the frequency always leads to two peaks for q=3,4q=3,4 and 6 near TcTc. The sound attenuation peaks are observed near TtTt at lower values of external magnetic field, but as it increases the sound attenuation peaks decrease and eventually disappear.  相似文献   
59.
HL-2Aװ����CXRS��ϵ�ϵͳ���   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为了获取HL-2A等离子体的离子温度、旋转速度及其分布等重要参数,首次在HL-2A装置上开展了CXRS诊断。通过利用能有效探测微弱光的EMCCD和特殊设计的光学采集系统,获得了具有足够信噪比的诊断信号。实验得到的测量信号分析表明,设计是切实可行的。  相似文献   
60.
Ning Han  Xiaojun Qiu 《Applied Acoustics》2007,68(10):1297-1306
Active noise control systems have been applied to increase the insertion loss of noise barriers where the squared sound pressure or the total acoustic energy density is used as the cost function in previous works. The absolute value of the mean active sound intensity is chosen as the cost function to obtain extra sound insertion loss in the dark area of a hybrid active noise barrier system in this note. The strategy of minimizing the near-field sound intensity at discrete locations along the edge of the passive barrier is shown to be able to provide better far-field noise reduction than that of minimizing the squared sound pressure control. Both numerical simulations and off-line experiments are carried out with a three-channel demonstration system, where the locations of the secondary sources and the error sensors are optimized and comparisons are made between the extra sound pressure attenuation of the sound intensity control and that of the squared sound pressure control.  相似文献   
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