A study of sound intensity control for active noise barriers

Active noise control systems have been applied to increase the insertion loss of noise barriers where the squared sound pressure or the total acoustic energy density is used as the cost function in previous works. The absolute value of the mean active sound intensity is chosen as the cost function to obtain extra sound insertion loss in the dark area of a hybrid active noise barrier system in this note. The strategy of minimizing the near-field sound intensity at discrete locations along the edge of the passive barrier is shown to be able to provide better far-field noise reduction than that of minimizing the squared sound pressure control. Both numerical simulations and off-line experiments are carried out with a three-channel demonstration system, where the locations of the secondary sources and the error sensors are optimized and comparisons are made between the extra sound pressure attenuation of the sound intensity control and that of the squared sound pressure control.     

Effect of variation in signal amplitude and transit time on reliability analysis of ultrasonic time of flight diffraction characterization of vertical and inclined cracks

The variation of amplitude and transit time of the diffracted signal from the crack-tip in complex geometry components and their resulting effect on the probability of detection (POD) and probability of sizing (POS) was studied. The diffracted signal amplitude has been evaluated from the standard expressions for diffraction coefficient, spatial attenuation and the transit time from the respective mathematical models for both vertical and inclined cracks. The same parameters namely the signal amplitude and the transit time have been measured through experiments conducted on simulated test specimens. It has been observed that the analytical and experimental results compare well with each other. Based on this result the trend and shape (width of the transition zone) of the POD/POS curves can be predicted.     

Intelligibility enhancement for noisy whispered speech using asymmetric cost function

We proposed two whispered speech enhancement methods based on asymmetric cost functions in this paper to deal with the amplification and attenuation distortions of whispered speech distinctively.The modified Itakura-Saito（MIS）distance function provides more penalties to speech amplification distortion,whereas the Kullback-Leibler（KL）divergence function gives more penalties to speech attenuation distortion.The experimental results show that the MIS function based method achieves significant improvement of intelligibility in contrast to the conventional speech enhancement algorithms when the signal-to-noise ratio（SNR）falls below-6 dB,whereas the KL function based one achieves the similar result as the minimum mean square error（MMSE）speech enhancement method.The results show that the effects of the amplification and attenuation distortions on the intelligibility of the enhanced whisper are different,where larger attenuation distortion may result in better intelligibility of speech with low SNR.However,the attenuation distortion has small effects on intelligibility of speech with high SNR.     

Anisotropy of the angle resolved electron attenuation at crystal surfaces

Photoemission multiple scattering theory is used to describe the electron transport in the surface region of a crystal. Intensities of photoemission from core levels of atoms situated in subsurface atomic layers are calculated as a function of the emitter distance from the surface. The electron angle resolved attenuation length (ARAL) is extracted from the exponential fitting of the intensity decays of photoemission into different directions. Substantial anisotropy of the electron ARAL is found for the Cu(1 1 1) surface in Mg Kα photoexcitation of Cu 2p_3/2 levels and correlated with the orientation of highly packed atomic rows. Enhanced photoemission contributions from specific subsurface layers, caused by electron forward focusing effects, are reported.     

Electron attenuation anisotropy at crystal surfaces from LEED

Dynamical theory of electron scattering is used to describe the electron transport in the surface regions of crystals. The angle resolved attenuation length of electrons is derived from the transmitted LEED electron current decay. Electron attenuation length energy dependence and anisotropy in polar angle are found for crystalline Cu(1 1 1) for two high symmetry azimuths. Pronounced anisotropy in polar angle distributions of attenuation lengths is found to be in qualitative agreement with the results obtained from the photoelectron diffraction. Comparison with the attenuation lengths obtained from semiclassical simulations for amorphous copper is given. This comparison demonstrates that simple transfers of the smoothly behaving surface sensitivity from amorphous materials oversimplifies the electron attenuation process and can lead to incorrect results in quantitative analyses of crystalline surfaces.     

Numerical simulations of the mitigation of unconfined explosions using water-mist

Mitigating the effects of explosive blasts has been an important concern for a long time. Water-mist presents an attractive option due to its easy availability, extensive use in the fire suppression area, and non-toxicity. However, its ability to mitigate the effects of blasts is unclear. This research uses multiphase numerical simulations to elucidate some of the issues associated with using water-mist to mitigate explosive blasts in unconfined spaces. Initial multidimensional simulations examine the effect of water-mist on the blast wave generated by a TNT explosive. Results show that the droplets are generally swept outward with the shock wave and in general do not penetrate into the secondary fireball. The water-mist does, however, mitigate the shock-front through vaporization and momentum extraction. Further simulations show that momentum extraction has the dominant role in mitigating the leading shock wave. Parametric studies indicate that droplet size and mass loading play a secondary role to the total amount of water between the observer and the explosive blast. This is a promising result for using water-mist for blast-mitigation, because it suggests that water-mist can be as effective as having a more dense “water wall” surrounding the explosive.     

光纤涂料对光纤衰减的影响

分析光纤涂料的厚度、应力松驰、热处理及辐射等对光纤衰减的影响。提出应根据光纤技术要求选择既符合工艺条件又与光纤材料相匹配的涂料,并严格控制涂料厚度和同心度,以保证光纤质量。     

GLC并联电路暂态过程衰减系数的能耗分析

分析了GLC并联电路欠阻尼振荡衰减系数的实验测量值与理论值偏差的原因,以振荡衰减的实验波为基础,测算出电路电容和电感上的损耗电导。对衰减系数的理论值进行修正,可使衰减系数理论修正值与实验测量值基本一致。     

于奇西地区岩溶圈闭落实技术研究

为了扩大塔河油田主体,在塔河外围建立一个新的建产阵地,对于奇西三维地震资料进行精细解释,应用振幅变化率技术、精细相干体技术、趋势面分析、模型正演等技术,深入研究该区储层发育模式,盖层条件及储盖组合,精确描述油气藏成藏机制。并通过分析塔河主体已发现岩溶圈闭的测井、地震资料的地球物理响应,总结发现地震串珠状反射、岩溶残丘高为油气成藏有利区带。据此,在塔河于奇西地区识别描述了三级圈闭18个,合计面积298.3km2。     

核筒——三个悬挂体结构地震动力反应分析

用拉格朗日方程建立核筒悬挂结构的运动方程,并且考虑了大位移非线性的影响。运用 Longe - Kuta 方法求出体系的地震动力响应时程。由计算结果得出核筒悬挂结构可以大大的减小层间位移、楼层位移、楼层速度和楼层加速度,减震效率达90%。核筒截面抗弯刚度对截面内力和筒身水平位移影响非常大,截面内力随着抗弯刚度的增大而增大。阻尼系数和吊杆长度对截面内力的影响非常小。楼层位移、楼层速度和楼层加速度随阻尼系数的减小而减小。