Thermodynamic and Equilibrium Composition Analysis of Using Iron Oxide as an Oxygen Carrier in Nonflame Combustion Technology

1. Introduction The utilization of fossil fuels causes serious neg- ative impacts on the environment and human life. There are many pollutants such as SOx, NOx and CO2 emission produced from the combustion of coal, oil and natural gas. It has been known for more than 100 years that CO2 is a greenhouse gas and that the release of CO2 from fossil fuel combustion may affect the climate of the earth. In the last years the concern over the aspects of an increased release of greenhouse gases has…     

2，4，6－三苯基氧鎓盐分子内旋转受阻对其发光行为的影响

研究了４－位苯基取代基旋转受阻和旋转自由的２，４，６－三苯基氧盐的光物理性质。实验结果表明，当４－位苯基取代基旋转受阻时，氧盐化合物在激发态时引起的分子内极化程度比４－位取代基旋转自由的氧盐化合物大，即在激发态时旋转受阻氧盐化合物发生的分子内电荷转移能力较强；４－位取代基旋转自由的化合物的荧光量子产率随溶剂粘度的增大而有所增大，但旋转受阻化合物在相同的条件下则出现相反的结果。实验结果还表明，４－位取代苯基旋转受阻对化合物的荧光发射不利。     

钙黄绿素蓝荧光法测定食品中的微量锌（Ⅱ）

本文研究了在ＣＴＭＡＢ存在下，用钙黄绿素蓝荧光法测定食品中的微量锌（Ⅱ）的实验条件。在本实验条件下，Ｚｎ（Ⅱ）与钙黄绿素蓝生成１：１的配合物使钙黄绿素蓝的荧光增强，最大激发波长和最大发射波长分别为３５３ｎｍ和４４０ｎｍ。     

Keggin结构钨磷酸稀土镨盐杂多蓝的合成及抗艾滋病病毒（HIV－1）活性的研究

Ｋｅｇｇｉｎ结构钨磷酸稀土镨盐杂多蓝的合成及抗艾滋病病毒（ＨＩＶ－１）活性的研究刘术侠，刘彦勇，王恩波，曾毅，李泽琳（东北师范大学化学系，长春，１３００２４）（中国预防医学科学院，北京）关键词稀土，钨磷杂多蓝，合成，抗艾滋病病毒（ＨＩＶ－１）活性杂多...     

Thermodynamics of the dissociation of 2-aminopyridinium ion in synthetic seawater and a standard for pH in marine systems

Buffer solutions composed of 2-aminopyridinium chloride and 2-aminopyridine in synthetic seawater are useful as a supplement to buffers of Tris (pH 8.2) and Bis (pH 8.8) in standardizing measurements of hydrogen ion concentration (pm _H or pH(SWS)) in oceanography. The dissociation constant of 2-amino-pyridinium ion over the range of salinities (S) from 30 to 40 has now been determined from the emf of cells without liquid junction at eight temperatures (T) from 278.15 to 313.15 K. The results fit the equation pK=2498.31/T–15.3274+2.4050 lnT+S(0.012928–2.9417×10^–5T) with a standard deviation of 0.0023. Thermodynamic constants for the dissociation process and standard reference values of pm _H and pH(SWS) were derived from the data. The pm _H of the buffer consisting of 2-aminopyridinium chloride and 2-aminopyridine (each 0.04 molal) in synthetic seawater of salinity 35 varies from 7.356 at 278.15 K to 6.601 at 313.15 K.     

低共熔混合锂盐相图的绘制及应用

采用热分析法对不同组成的混合锂盐二元体系进行研究, 绘制了混合锂盐体系的步冷曲线和T-x相图, 结果表明体系均为具有最低共熔点的二元体系. LiOH-LiNO3、LiOH-LiCl、LiOH-Li2CO3及LiNO3-LiCl体系的最低共熔点分别为175.7、294.5、418.2及221.6 ℃. 利用低共熔混合物LiNO3-LiOH为锂盐与不同前驱体反应, 制备出了层状结构良好的锂离子电池正极材料LiNiO2、LiNi0.8Co0.2O2及LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2. X射线衍射分析表明, 合成的材料具有规整的层状NaFeO2结构, 且XRD衍射峰强度之比I(003)/I(104)>2.0, 电性能测试表明, 在2.7-4.3 V(vs Li/Li+)的电压范围内进行0.1C倍率充放电, LiNiO2、LiNi0.8Co0.2O2、LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2首次充电比容量分别达168.0、225.4、194.0 mAh·g-1, 放电比容量分别为138.4、165.8、157.7 mAh·g-1.     

First radical cation salts of 2,5-bis(1,3-dithian-2-ylidene)-1,3,4,6-tetrathiapentalene (BDA-TTP) with copper(II) metal complex anions: β-(BDA-TTP)4Cu2Cl6 and (BDA-TTP)2CuCl4

New radical cation salts based on 2,5-bis(1,3-dithian-2-ylidene)-1,3,4,6-tetrathiapentalene (BDA-TTP) with copper(II) metal complex anions, β-(BDA-TTP)₄Cu₂Cl₆ and (BDA-TTP)₂CuCl₄, were synthesized and structurally characterized. Single crystals were prepared by electrochemical oxidation of BDA-TTP under galvanostatic conditions. X-ray diffraction study demonstrated that the salts have a layered structure, in which the conducting BDA-TTP layers alternate with the [Cu₂Cl₆]²⁻ or [CuCl₄]²⁻ anions. Both salts show the semiconductor-type temperature dependence of the conductivity. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 48–54, January, 2007.     

Insoluble polystyrene-bound quaternary onium salt catalysts for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates by the reaction of oxiranes with carbon dioxide

The addition reaction of oxiranes ( 26a—e ) with carbon dioxide (CO₂) was performed using insoluble polystyrene beads containing pendant quaternary ammonium or phosphonium salts as catalysts under atmospheric pressure. The reaction of 26a—e with CO₂ proceeded smoothly catalyzed by 1–2 mol % of the polymer-supported quaternary onium salts to give the corresponding cyclic carbonates ( 27a—e ) in high yields at 80–90°C. In this reaction system, the catalytic activity of the polymer-supported quaternary onium salts was strongly affected by the following factors: degree of ring substitution (DRS) of the onium salt residues to the polymer, degree of crosslinking (DC) of the polystyrene beads, chain length of the alkylene spacer between the polymer back-bone and the onium salt, hydrophobicity of the alkyl group on the onium salts, and kind of onium salts. That is, the polymer-supported quaternary phosphonium salts with low DRS and DC and with long alkylene spacer chain were found to have higher catalytic activity than low molecualr weight quaternary onium salts. The above polymer-supported catalysts can easily be separated at the end of a reaction by filtration and can be reused for at least seven runs. It was also found that the rate of reaction was proportional to the products of catalyst concentration and oxirane concentration. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Synthesis of 4,5-diaminopyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoline derivatives by annulation of N,N-dialkyl[2-(pyrrol-1-yl)benzylidene]ammonium salts in the presence of an isocyanide

A facile synthetic method for 4,5-diaminopyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoline derivatives has been developed. Treatment of 2-(pyrrol-1-yl)benzaldehydes with secondary amine hydrochloride/NaI/TMSCl/Et₃N in the presence of an isocyano compound leads to the formation of 4-alkyl(or aryl)amino-5-dialkylaminopyrrolo[1,2-a]quinolines.