苯酚溶液电解降解的过程分析及中间体的研究

电解降解有机污染物的方法由于其特殊的优点,已被广泛应用于包括含酚废水在内的废水处理中,以苯酚水溶液作为研究对象,以Ｔｉ／ＳｎＯ２＋Ｓｂ２Ｏ电极为阳极,对苯酚水溶液进行电解降解处理,对反应过程进行跟踪,并利用ＨＰ８４５３ＵＶ－Ｖｉｓ分光光度计和ＨＰ１１００液相色谱仪对不同反应时间的样品进行分析,作出了苯酚电解降解过程中不同反应时间的吸附曲线,获得了苯酚解的动力学方程,并对反应的机理及中间体进行了研究     

碘化物升华分离-电感耦合等离子体光谱法测定土壤和沉积物中砷、锑、铋、镉、锡

将土壤或水系沉积物样品与固体NH4I按1:0·25的比例在双球玻璃管中混匀后在苯灯喷焰上加热,使样品中的As,Sb,Bi,Cd和Sn转变为碘化物升华逸出而与基体分离,挥发物用盐酸溶解后用电感耦合等离子体光谱法(ICP-AES)测定。实验探讨了NH4I的用量、挥发和溶解条件,光谱测定条件,内标选择,测定谱线选择及背景和谱线干扰校正。用土壤和水系沉积物国家一级标准物质验证了方法的准确性和精密度,测定结果与标准值吻合。方法快速简便,结果可靠,检出限为0·01～0·35μg·g-1,适用于地球化学勘探大批量土壤和沉积物样品中As,Sb,Bi,Cd和Sn的测定。     

端视ICP-AES法同时测定玩具涂料中可溶性铅、镉、汞、砷、铬、锑、硒和钡

采用端视电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法同时测定玩具涂料中可溶性铅、镉、汞、砷、铬、锑、硒和钡.对仪器的工作参数和被测元素的分析谱线进行了优化和选择.铅、镉、汞、砷、铬、锑、硒和钡的检出限分别为0.006、0.0009、0.012、0.023、0.000 8、0.013、0.030和0.0006 mg/L.定量下限分别为0.99、0.15、2.0、3.8、0.14、2.2、5.0和0.10 mg/kg.相对标准偏差为0.76%～2.72%(n=8),加标回收率为96.0%～104.0%.该法适用于玩具涂料中铅、镉、汞、砷、铬、锑、硒和钡的快速测定.     

Charge Transfer and Chemical Hardness along a Substitution Path in Metastable Au‐Sb Alloys

In the present study the synthesis of metastable alloys of the noble metal Au and the semimetal Sb is realized by using high pressure techniques. The influence of Au on bulk Sb is shown experimentally by stepwise substitution. In addition to the effect of the most electronegative noble metal on Pauling's scale in the binary Au‐Sb phases, some ternary compounds with In, Sn, As, and Te in addition to Au and Sb are discussed. The experiments are planned to obtain a better knowledge on the reasons for building up a simple cubic Sb partial lattice, and their crystallographic results are used to construct model structures for new electronic structure calculations from first principles on the metastable π‐phases. Using the LCAO‐CO ansatz and density‐functional methods, we study total energies, band structures, densities of states and charge transfer properties according to Bader's method by integrating zero flux surfaces. Finally, from electronic band structure analysis, the quantities “chemical potential” μ, and “chemical hardness”, η, are derived according to the original ideas of Pearson and Parr and are applied to solid state problems using special points of the Brillouin zones within a band structure approximation for the first time. The results are shown to support the experimental findings about the substitution path within the system Au‐Sb.     

Ca,Cu的含量对Bi（Sb）系材料相转变及超导电性的影响

采用空气中固态反应的方法，制备了一系列Ｃａ、Ｃｕ的含量不同的Ｂｉ（Ｓｂ）系超导材料。对这些样品进行了超导了性能测量，Ｘ射线衍射分析以及扫描电镜的形貌观察，系统地研究了Ｂｉ（Ｓｂ）系中Ｃａ、Ｃｕ的含量对材料的相转变及超导性能的影响，发现各义组分中适量的Ｃａ、Ｃｕ的超比例可以促进２２１２相向２２２３相的转变。     

冷原子吸收与原子荧光法测定 As、Sb、Bi、Hg 的方法研究

样品经王水分解后，调制成１０％的ＨＣｌ介质。移至自制的Ｈｇ发生器中，加入ＳｎＯ２还原，以空气作载体，将Ｈｇ原子蒸气载入测Ｈｇ仪吸收管，冷原子吸收测Ｈｇ。便可实现一次溶矿与原子荧光连测样品中的微量Ａｓ、Ｓｂ、Ｂｉ、Ｈｇ。检出下限分别为：Ａｓ０．１８μｇ／ｇ；Ｓｂ０．０６７μｇ／ｇ；Ｂｉ０．０８７μｇ／ｇ；Ｈｇ０．０１１μｇ／ｇ。ＲＳＤ％分别为Ａｓ１１％；Ｓｂ６．３％Ｂｉ７．１％；Ｈｇ１．２％。     

固/液界面电化学体系与XPS联用系统对Pt/Sb和Pt/Bi电极表面化学状态的比较研究

利用巳建立的固/液界面电化学体系Electrochemistry(EC)与超高真空电子能谱Ultra-High Vacaum X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy(UHV-XPS)联用系统详细研究了Pt电极表面欠电位沉积Underpotential deposition(UPD)Sb、Bi的表面化学状态特征，结果表明Sb、Bi虽同为VA族元素，但二者在Pt电极表面的UPD特征却有很大差异。     

HG-AFS法连续测定锌精矿中砷锑铋锡的不确定度分析

对HG AFS法连续测定锌精矿中砷、锑、铋、锡的不确定度进行了分析。根据建立的数学模型计算出各种不确定度的分量并将其合成,最后得出HG AFS法连续测定锌精矿中砷、锑、铋、锡的扩展不确定度。     

Performance of a new nebulizer system for simultaneous determination of Sb,Sn (hydride generation), V,and Zn by ICP–OES

A new nebulizer system is described that extends the analytical capability of the inductively coupled plasma technique to include the simultaneous determination of two elements Sb and Sn (hydride-forming), with two conventional elements, V and Zn. The main advantage of this system is its simultaneous determination of elements that form volatile hydrides and elements that do not, without any instrumental changes. Optimization of reaction and instrumental conditions was performed to characterize the new system. The performance of the new nebulizer system was evaluated by studying the effect of some transition metals (Ni, Cu, Co, and Fe, 1–1000 mg L^–1) on the Sb, Sn, V, and Zn emission signals (1 mg L^–1). Interferences from transition metal ions were found to be insignificant for determination of the four elements in presence of L-cysteine. Long-term and short-term stability was also evaluated. The precision, expressed as RSD for 15 replicate measurements was 0.7% for Sb, 1.7% for Sn, 2.5% for V, and 2.3% for Zn at 200 g L^–1 of each analyte. The detection limits obtained were 0.52, 1.3, 3.2, and 4.7 g L^–1 for Sb, Sn, V, and Zn, respectively. Spike and recovery experiments were performed on the NIST 1643c trace metals in water standard reference material and results were in agreement with the certified values.     

V／Sb催化剂上丙烷氨氧化反应机理的Monte Carlo模拟

本文应用Ｍｏｎｔｅ Ｃａｒｌｏ方法对丙烷氨氧化的反应机理进行了初步研究。首先在分析了Ｖ／Ｓｂ金红石构催化剂的各个晶面之后，以１００面为模板建立了Ｖ／Ｓｂ双活性中心模型。在此基础上，对丙烷，氨及氧的不同进料摩尔比率对丙烯腈，丙烯及ＣＯＸ三种产物的影响规律进行了详细考察。