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91.
In this study, the electrical properties of the new polyamide–urea (ICIC–MPD) reverse osmosis composite membrane were analyzed via two self-made test cells. The electrical potential difference across membrane was measured via a perpendicular flow through mode potential difference measurement cell, and the electrical conductivity of membrane was tested by a tangential flow across mode conductivity measurement cell. Both streaming potential coefficient and gap between the upward and downward curves were determined by the plot of electrical potential difference versus up-loading and down-loading external pressure difference at both sides of membrane. It was found that pH of electrolyte solution has strong impact on streaming potential coefficient and electrical conductivity due to the dissociation of COOH group and protonation of NH2 group of the active layer of ICIC–MPD membrane. It was also observed that both concentration of monomer 5-isocyanato-isophthaloyl chloride (ICIC) in the organic phase and contact time of organic phase with aqueous phase play an important role in salt rejection rate, gap between curves and electrical conductivity of the prepared ICIC–MPD membrane, and experimental results indicate that salt rejection rate of ICIC–MPD membrane is closely correlated to gap between curves at either polymerization condition. In addition, the effects of fouling behaviors on electrical potential difference and electrical conductivity of membrane were also discussed. 相似文献
92.
Bipolar membrane electrodialysis is used in a three-compartment configuration to regenerate formic acid and sodium hydroxide from sodium formate. A previous study showed that the diffusion of molecular formic acid induces the loss of acid current efficiency. The present study shows the following results: the diffusion of molecular formic acid through the bipolar membrane explains quantitatively the presence of sodium formate in the sodium hydroxide solution. The loss of acid current efficiency is only due to diffusion of molecular acid through both anion-exchange and bipolar membranes. The sodium hydroxide current efficiency is determined by acid diffusion through the bipolar membrane and OH− leakage through the cation-exchange membrane. The flux of acid diffusion through the membranes is proportional to acid concentration and depends on sodium hydroxide concentration for bipolar membrane and on sodium formate concentration for anion-exchange membrane. The flux rates vary with temperature. 相似文献
93.
Li QY Niu HB Yin J Wang MB Shao HB Deng DZ Chen XX Ren JP Li YC 《Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces》2008,65(2):220-225
To probe into the potential of relieving the oxidative damage of salt stress, we investigated the protective role of nitric oxide on barley under salt stress. Salt stress resulted in increased ion leakage, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in barley leaves. Simultaneous treatments of barley leaves with 50 microM sodium nitroprusside, a nitric oxide donor, alleviated the damage of salt stress, reflected by decreased ion leakage, and malendialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl, and hydrogen peroxide content in barley leaves. The presence of the nitric oxide donor increased the activities of superoxide dismutases (SOD), ascorbate peroxidases (APX), and catalases (CAT). Meantime, sodium nitroprusside addition increased accumulation of ferritin at the protein level, indicating that nitric oxide directly regulated ferritin accumulation. These results suggested that nitric oxide can effectively protect seedlings from salt stress damage by enhancing activities of antioxidant enzymes to quench the excessive reactive oxygen species caused by salt stress and inducing the increase of ferritin accumulation to chelate larger number of ferrous ion. Information from this study can be used to improve soil management practices for sustainable use of salt-affected soils in the future. 相似文献
94.
A protein extraction method compatible with proteomic analysis for the euhalophyte Salicornia europaea 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Protein extraction from plants like the halophyte Salicornia europaea has been problematic using standard protocols due to high concentrations of salt ions in their cells. We have developed an improved method for protein extraction from S. europaea, which allowed us to remove interfering compounds and salt ions by including the chemicals borax, polyvinylpolypyrrolidone, and phenol. The comparative study of this method with several other protocols using NaCl-treated S. europaea shoots demonstrated that this method gave the best distinction of proteins on 2-DE gels. This protocol had a wide range of applications as high yields and good distinction of 1-DE gels for proteins isolated from twelve other plants were rendered. In addition, we reported results of 2-DE using the recalcitrant tissue of the S. europaea roots. We also demonstrated that this protocol is compatible with proteomic analysis as eight specific proteins generated by this method have been identified by MS. In conclusion, our newly developed protein extraction protocol is expected to have excellent applications in proteomic studies of halophytes. 相似文献
95.
通过测定无机盐对具有不同分子结构两性离子聚合物在粘土表面吸附特点,确定出了两性离子聚合物分子结构特征对其在粘土表面吸附规律及其受无机盐影响的变化规律。 相似文献
96.
新银盐光度法测定磷酸氢钙中的微量砷 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
以硝酸银-乙酸-聚忆烯醇-乙醇作为砷化氢吸收液,Zn-KI-SnCl2为还原体系的新银盐光度法测定了磷酸氢钼中的微量砷。As^2-含量在0-7.5μg/5mL范围内服从比耳定律。应用于磷酸氢钙样品中As呈测定,回收率96-103%,方法检出限为2.88×10^-6g/L,RSD为0.94-5.50%,测定结果与标准方法基本一致。 相似文献
97.
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter is a large gene superfamily that utilizes the energy released from ATP hydrolysis for transporting myriad of substrates across the biological membranes. Although many investigations have been done on the structural and functional analysis of the ABC transporters in Oryza sativa, much less is known about molecular phylogenetic and global expression pattern of the complete ABC family in rice. In this study, we have carried out a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis constructing neighbor-joining and maximum-likelihood trees based on various statistical methods of different ABC protein subfamily of five plant lineages including Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (green algae), Physcomitrella patens (moss), Selaginella moellendorffii (lycophyte), Arabidopsis thaliana (dicot) and O. sativa (monocot) to explore the origin and evolutionary patterns of these ABC genes. We have identified several conserved motifs in nucleotide binding domain (NBD) of ABC proteins among all plant lineages during evolution. Amongst the different ABC protein subfamilies, ‘ABCE’ has not yet been identified in lower plant genomes (algae, moss and lycophytes). The result indicated that gene duplication and diversification process acted upon these genes as a major operative force creating new groups and subgroups and functional divergence during evolution. We have demonstrated that rice ABCI subfamily consists of only half size transporters that represented highly dynamic members showing maximum sequence variations among the other rice ABC subfamilies. The evolutionary and the expression analysis contribute to a deep insight into the evolution and diversity of rice ABC proteins and their roles in response to salt stress that facilitate our further understanding on rice ABC transporters. 相似文献
98.
图像去噪是图像预处理过程中非常重要的环节,其去噪效果的好坏直接影响图像分析。针对彩色图像噪声的特点,提出改进的多尺度的形态学滤波算法,将灰度形态学的滤波算法推广到彩色图像,实验结果表明,多尺度形态滤波算法在滤除彩色图像噪声的同时,也能保持彩色图像边缘的信息和色彩信息。 相似文献
99.
硅对盐胁迫下金丝小枣叶片不同多胺形态和含量的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对盐胁迫及盐胁迫下施硅肥的金丝小枣叶片中游离态(f)、高氯酸可溶性共价结合态(PSCC)和高氯酸不溶性共价结合态(PISCC)3种不同形态多胺(PAs)的含量变化进行了分析.结果表明:在盐分浓度c≤4.0 g/kg范围内,金丝小枣叶片f-Put含量及f-PAs总量均显著下降,(Spd Spm)/Put的比值均显著上升;金丝小枣叶中PSCC-Put和总PSCC-PAs含量随着盐浓度的增加显著增加;PISCC-Put含量随着盐浓度的增加而显著增加,PISCC-Spd和PISCC-Spm含量则随着盐浓度的增加而减少.在同一土壤盐分水平下,硅处理可以显著增加盐胁迫下金丝小枣叶中多胺(f-Spm f-Spd)/f-Put比值及f-Put、f-Spd、PSCC-Put、PSCC-Spd和总PSCC-PAs的含量;施硅可以增加盐胁迫下金丝小枣叶中PISCC-Spd和PISCC-Spm的含量,抑制盐胁迫下PISCC-Put水平的升高,表明外源硅可以调节盐胁迫下金丝小枣体内不同种类和形态的多胺含量,从而缓解盐对金丝小枣的毒害作用. 相似文献
100.
本文采用Otsuki-Williams式汽液平衡釜测定了甲酸-乙酸-水体系及甲酸-乙酸-水-氯化钙体系在98658.28Pa下汽液平衡数据。氯化钙的加入量为0.5mol/(kg溶剂)。结合盐效应的作用情况,对相图进行了分析。研究结果表明:氯化钙的加入对体系起了物理化学作用,它与盐溶、盐析现象有关。 相似文献