Anderson结构钼系过渡金属稀土盐的合成与性质研究

首次合成了具有Ａｎｄｅｒｓｏｎ结构的稀土元素钼系化合物,通式为Ｌｎ「ＸＭｏ６Ｏ２４Ｈ６」·ｎＨ２Ｏ（Ｌｎ＝Ｌａ,Ｃｅ,Ｐｒ,Ｎｄ,Ｇｄ;Ｘ＝Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）,Ｃｏ（Ⅲ）,Ｎｉ（Ⅱ）,Ｚｎ（Ⅱ）;ｎ＝７￣１０）,此类化合物属Ａｎｄｅｒｓｏｎ结构的Ｂ型,其特点是杂原子与６个－ＯＨ相连形成八面体,通过ＩＣＰ、ＩＲ、ＵＶ、ＣＶ等方法对产物的性质进行了表征,电化学实验结果表明：杂原子为Ｃｏ（Ⅲ）的稀土盐对玻碳电极     

针辊式高压静电分选机电晕极结构优化

为提高针辊式高压静电分选机的分选效率,须寻求最佳的电晕极结构. 利用自制针辊式高压静电分选机,固定针辊距离为d=50 mm,进行针辊放电实验. 通过调整电晕电压、放电针间距及长短针排列方式,探讨分选电场分布规律,对针结构进行优化. 结果表明,放电效果随针间距减小会出现先增强后减弱的过程,当针间距为12 mm时达到最大值;在最佳针间距下,将针的长度按30 mm-15 mm-30 mm的方式排列,得到了更好的放电效果,转辊表面电荷量在15 kV时可提高33%;应用Matlab软件,模拟了不同针间距对放电的影响,为静电分选机的优化设计提供了依据.      

存在反应的电解质溶液相平衡研究

从应用的角度出发,对电解质溶液模型、相平衡计算的现状与发展进行了简要的回顾,并系统地介绍和讨论了作者在这方面的工作。指出对Pitzer模型和作者提出的电解质溶液水化平衡模型建立各自相应的普遍化温度关系,结合所提出的固液平衡级计算方法,可以预测工业过程所涉度的高温、高压、高浓度范围内复杂体系的热力学性质,解决此类过程集成模拟优化的瓶颈问题。此外。还介绍了离子选择性电极测定弱电解质体系热力学的方法。     

Electrochemical Immunoassay for Tumor Marker CA19-9 Detection Based on Self-Assembled Monolayer

A CA19-9 electrochemical immunosensor was constructed using a hybrid self-assembled membrane modified with a gold electrode and applied to detect real samples. Hybrid self-assembled membranes were selected for electrode modification and used to detect antigens. First, the pretreated working electrodes were placed in a 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA)/β-mercaptoethanol (ME) mixture for 24 h for self-assembly. The electrodes were then placed in an EDC/NHS mixture for 1 h. Layer modification was performed by stepwise dropwise addition of CA19-9 antibody, BSA, and antigen. Differential pulse voltammetry was used to characterize this immunosensor preparation process. The assembled electrochemical immunosensor enables linear detection in the concentration range of 0.05–500 U/mL of CA19-9, and the detection limit was calculated as 0.01 U/mL. The results of the specificity measurement test showed that the signal change of the interfering substance was much lower than the response value of the detected antigen, indicating that the sensor has good specificity and strong anti-interference ability. The repeatability test results showed that the relative standard deviations were less than 5%, showing good accuracy and precision. The CA19-9 electrochemical immunosensor was used for the actual sample detection, and the experimental results of the standard serum addition method showed that the RSD values of the test concentrations were all less than 10%. The recoveries were 102.4–115.0%, indicating that the assay has high precision, good accuracy, and high potential application value.     

纳米氢氧化钴修饰碳糊电极检测百菌清及其量化计算和交流阻抗

百菌清是一种高效、低毒的有机氯杀菌剂,对多种作物的真菌病害有良好的预防作用;由于其可以黏附在植物上或经过植物进入饮用水中,因此对人类健康产生潜在危害。运用微分脉冲伏安(DPV)方法通过修饰碳糊电极检测了百菌清。首先运用电化学方法将氢氧化钴恒电位沉积到碳糊电极表面。在电极电压的作用下,百菌清分子被萃取到电极表面,百菌清与氢氧化钴相互作用形成络合物,在-0. 66 V处得到一个还原峰。还原峰电流与随扫速呈一次方正增长关系,证明还原过程受吸附控制。吸附过程满足Temkin等温吸附模型,反应ΔG_r为-3 929. 94 k J/mol,可以自发进行。运用量化计算和交流阻抗的方法探究了反应过程,计算所得结果与电化学实验所得结果相一致。因此可以用该体系来检测百菌清。还原峰电流与百菌清浓度的对数在3. 333×10~(-5)～3. 333×10~(-12)mol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限信噪比(S/N=3)达到3. 333×10~(-12)mol/L。该方法具有较好的选择性;用于污水中百菌清的检测,其结果令人满意。     

Present status and future prospect of design of Pt–cerium oxide electrodes for fuel cell applications

In the research field of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, the design of electrocatalytic activities on Pt-oxide promoter in the anode side has attracted attention for improvement of CO tolerance of Pt in anode side and a lowering of large over-potential loss of the oxygen reduction reaction on the cathode in the fuel cells. In the Pt-oxide promoter series, Pt–CeOx/C is one of the unique systems. It is because the unique behavior of CeOx such as electrochemical redox reaction between Ce3t and Ce4t in the anodic and cathodic reactions of fuel cell is observed. The present short review gives an overview of the recent works for improvement of the CO tolerance of Pt in the Pt–CeOx/C anodes and enhancement of the oxygen reduction reaction activity on Pt in the Pt–CeOx/C cathodes for fuel cell application. To show the design paradigm for fabrication of high quality Pt–CeOx/C electrodes, the authors re-introduced parts of our research results to highlight the important role of interface structure of Pt–CeOx based on the ultimate analysis results. The usefulness of the combined approach of microanalysis and the processing route design is presented.     

The Orion Water-Hardness Electrode: An Unexpected Response to Magnesium Ion

Abstract

The Orion water-hardness electrode, while being used to measure magnesium ion activity in a series of calcium-free solutions, displayed some unanticipated changes in potential. As the overall potential change observed for one solution was 183 mV (equivalent to more than six orders of magnitude changes in magnesium-ion activity), several precautions are suggested which should be observed when using this electrode for specific purposes. In particular, it is recommended that the exchanger be pre-equilibrated with an appropriate solution if the electrode is to be used in restricted systems of known chemical composition.     

微量样品pH测量的实现

利用电化学方法将氧化铱薄膜修饰在微电极上制备微量样品pH计,此电极体积很小,测量中只需滴3~5 μL溶液即可测出测试电极与参比电极之间的电势差,然后通过数据采集卡读取数据,将电势差信号转化为数字信号,最后用Matlab拟合输出溶液对应的pH。测量结果与商用pH计基本保持一致,此电极使用方便,灵敏度高,重现性好,而且在稀、贵样品及生物样品的分析中更显示其优越性,具有广阔的发展前景。     

碳纳米管和离子液体修饰电极对鸟嘌呤的电催化性能研究

以多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)和疏水性离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐(BMIMPF6)按一定比例制备成胶体,修饰在电极表面制备成MWNTs-BMIMPF6/GCE修饰电极,以铁氰化钾为电化学探针,用循环伏安法和交流阻抗法对修饰电极进行表征,考察鸟嘌呤在修饰电极上的电催化行为。结果表明,该修饰电极显著的增强了对鸟嘌呤的电催化性能,氧化峰电位负移,峰电流提高约7～8倍;以差分脉冲伏安法对溶液中的鸟嘌呤进行测定,其检测线性范围为1.5×10-6～2×10-4mol/L,检出限为2×10-7mol/L。     

纳米ZnO电极的制备及光电催化降解苯酚的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米ZnO粉体,通过X射线衍射和透射电镜研究了纳米ZnO粉体的结构和形貌。XRD和TEM测试表明,所制备的ZnO粉体,具有六方晶系纤锌矿结构,晶粒平均线性粒径约为30 nm。以涂覆法制备纳米ZnO电极,考察外加电压、电极间距离和支持电解质浓度对苯酚降解率的影响。结果表明:在室温(20℃)下,外加电压2.0 V、电极间距离为0.60 cm、支持电解质Na2SO4的浓度为0.070 mol/L时,苯酚的降解率可达70%。动力学研究表明,苯酚降解反应为一级反应。