Stability analysis of internally damped rotating composite shafts using a finite element formulation

This paper deals with the stability analysis of internally damped rotating composite shafts. An Euler–Bernoulli shaft finite element formulation based on Equivalent Single Layer Theory (ESLT), including the hysteretic internal damping of composite material and transverse shear effects, is introduced and then used to evaluate the influence of various parameters: stacking sequences, fiber orientations and bearing properties on natural frequencies, critical speeds, and instability thresholds. The obtained results are compared with those available in the literature using different theories. The agreement in the obtained results show that the developed Euler–Bernoulli finite element based on ESLT including hysteretic internal damping and shear transverse effects can be effectively used for the stability analysis of internally damped rotating composite shafts. Furthermore, the results revealed that rotor stability is sensitive to the laminate parameters and to the properties of the bearings.     

Recent progress in the development of the Elliptic Blending Reynolds-stress model

The Elliptic Blending Reynolds Stress Model (EB-RSM), originally proposed by Manceau and Hanjalić (2002) to extend standard, weakly inhomogeneous Reynolds stress models to the near-wall region, has been subject to various modifications by several authors during the last decade, mainly for numerical robustness reasons. The present work revisits all these modifications from the theoretical standpoint and investigates in detail their influence on the reproduction of the physical mechanisms at the origin of the influence of the wall on turbulence. The analysis exploits recent DNS databases for high-Reynolds number channel flows, spanwise rotating channel flows with strong rotation rates, up to complete laminarization, and the separated flow after a sudden expansion without and with system rotation. Theoretical arguments and comparison with DNS results lead to the selection of a recommended formulation for the EB-RSM model. This formulation shows satisfactory predictions for the configurations described above, in particular as regards the modification of the mean flow and turbulent anisotropy on the anticyclonic or pressure side.     

航空发动机两级燃油泵振动特性的影响因素

为了解承受离心、油液扭矩载荷的燃油泵装配体结构振动特性及影响因素,选取某航空发动机两级燃油泵转动部件为分析对象,基于通用有限元软件平台建立两级燃油泵转动部件装配体结构、单个低压级叶轮的三维有限元模型.根据两级燃油泵在最大起飞工作状态下的工作参数,计算出其转动部件受到的离心、油液扭矩载荷,再利用有限元软件计算了转动部件装配体结构、单个低压级叶轮在无外载荷作用下的、只有离心载荷作用的、只有油液扭矩载荷作用的、离心和油液扭矩载荷同时作用的自振频率和振型.通过对计算结果的对比分析,发现了离心载荷、油液扭矩载荷、构造(转动部件装配体或单个零件)因素对两级燃油泵转动部件频率、振型的影响规律,对其他与油液有相互作用的旋转部件振动特性的计算和分析具有重要指导意义.     

Water-soluble inhibitor on microbiologically influenced corrosion in diesel pipeline

The effect of water-soluble corrosion inhibitor on the growth of bacteria and its corrosion inhibition efficiency were investigated. Corrosion inhibition efficiency was studied by rotating cage test and flow loop techniques. The nature of biodegradation of corrosion inhibitor was also analyzed by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and Gas chromatography and mass spectrometer (GC–MS). The bacterial isolates (Serratia marcescens ACE2, Bacillus cereus ACE4) have the capacity to degrade the aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbon present in the corrosion inhibitor. The degraded products of corrosion inhibitor and bacterial activity determine the electrochemical behaviour of API 5LX steel. The influence of bacterial activity on degradation of corrosion inhibitor and its influence on corrosion of API 5LX have been evaluated by employing weight loss techniques and electrochemical studies. The main finding of this paper is that the water-soluble corrosion inhibitor is consumed by the microbial action, which contributes to the decrease in inhibitor efficiency. The present study also emphasis the importance of evaluation of water-soluble corrosion inhibitor in stagnant model (flow loop test) and discusses the demerits of the water-soluble corrosion inhibitors in petroleum product pipeline.     

The ideal relativistic rotating gas as a perfect fluid with spin

We show that the ideal relativistic spinning gas at complete thermodynamical equilibrium is a fluid with a non-vanishing spin density tensor σ_μν. After having obtained the expression of the local spin-dependent phase-space density f(x, p)_στ in the Boltzmann approximation, we derive the spin density tensor and show that it is proportional to the acceleration tensor Ω_μν constructed with the Frenet-Serret tetrad. We recover the proper generalization of the fundamental thermodynamical relation, involving an additional term −(1/2)Ω_μνσ^μν. We also show that the spin density tensor has a non-vanishing projection onto the four-velocity field, i.e. t^μ = σ_μνu^ν ≠ 0, in contrast to the common assumption t^μ = 0, known as Frenkel condition, in the thus-far proposed theories of relativistic fluids with spin. We briefly address the viewpoint of the accelerated observer and inertial spin effects.     

LES of turbulent flow in a concentric annulus with rotating outer wall

Fully-developed turbulent flow in a concentric annulus, r₁/r₂ = 0.5, Re_h = 12,500, with the outer wall rotating at a range of rotation rates N = U_θ,wall/U_b from 0.5 up to 4 is studied by large-eddy simulations. The focus is on the effects of moderate to very high rotation rates on the mean flow, turbulence statistics and eddy structure. For N up to ∼2, an increase in the rotation rate dampens progressively the turbulence near the rotating outer wall, while affecting only mildly the inner-wall region. At higher rotation rates this trend is reversed: for N = 2.8 close to the inner wall turbulence is dramatically reduced while the outer wall region remains turbulent with discernible helical vortices as the dominant turbulent structure. The turbulence parameters and eddy structures differ significantly for N = 2 and 2.8. This switch is attributed to the centrifuged turbulence (generated near the inner wall) prevailing over the axial inertial force as well as over the counteracting laminarizing effects of the rotating outer wall. At still higher rotation, N = 4, the flow gets laminarized but with distinct spiralling vortices akin to the Taylor–Couette rolls found between the two counter-rotating cylinders without axial flow, which is the limiting case when N approaches to infinity. The ratio of the centrifugal to axial inertial forces, Ta/Re² ∝ N² (where Ta is the Taylor number) is considered as a possible criterion for defining the conditions for the above regime change.     

Interpretation of wake instability at slip line in rotating detonation

ABSTRACT

In studies on instabilities of flowfield in rotating detonation, one of the most common concerns is the instability at the slip line originating from the conjunction of the detonation wave and oblique shock. Using Euler equations associated with the 7-species-and-8-reaction finite-rate chemical reaction model of hydrogen/air mixtures, further studies are performed to simulate the 2-D rotating detonation, and the flow mechanism of instability at the slip line is investigated in depth. The results show that the distinct wake profile exists at the slip line, which is different from the typical mixing layer. Analysis indicates that the generation of wake is caused by the transition shock between the detonation wave and oblique shock. Because of the wake profile, the vorticity distribution therein appears in a double-layer layout, and different evolutions exist in different vorticity layers. Based on the velocity profile across the slip line, the analysis by the linear stability theory is made, and two main unstable modes which have different shape profiles and phase velocities are found. Discrete Fourier transformation is utilised to analyse the numerical results, and similar shape profiles are obtained. A general coincidence in velocity of vortex movement is also attained between the theoretical predictions and simulations. Investigations show that the wake instability is responsible for the unstable mechanism, and corresponding unstable structures differ from the canonical ones in typical mixing layers.     

Frequency analysis of a two-stage planetary gearbox using two different methodologies

This paper is focused on the characterization of the frequency content of vibration signals issued from a two-stage planetary gearbox. To achieve this goal, two different methodologies are adopted: the lumped-parameter modeling approach and the phenomenological modeling approach. The two methodologies aim to describe the complex vibrations generated by a two-stage planetary gearbox. The phenomenological model describes directly the vibrations as measured by a sensor fixed outside the fixed ring gear with respect to an inertial reference frame, while results from a lumped-parameter model are referenced with respect to a rotating frame and then transferred into an inertial reference frame. Two different case studies of the two-stage planetary gear are adopted to describe the vibration and the corresponding spectra using both models. Each case presents a specific geometry and a specific spectral structure.     

Modeling and computation of nonlinear rotating polymeric jets during forcespinning process

In the usual forcespinning (FS) process, a meso-scale fluid jet is forced through an orifice of a rotating spinneret, where the ambient fluid is air. This leads to the formation of a jet with a curved centerline. In this study we make use of a phenomenological viscosity model for polymeric fluid to investigate the properties of nonlinear polymeric fiber jets during FS process. We apply multi-scale and perturbation techniques to determine the governing modeling systems for such nonlinear rotating jets and their stabilities. First, we calculate numerically the expressions for the leading order nonlinear steady solutions for the jet quantities such as radius, speed, stretching rate, strain rate and trajectory versus arc length, and we determine, in particular, these quantities for different values of the parameters that represent effects due to rotation, viscosity and relaxation time. Next, we calculate the stability of the nonlinear jet versus different types of perturbations. We find that the nonlinear fiber jet flow can be stable in most cases and uncover conditions for which fiber radius reduces and the jet speed or stretching rate increases.     

超重力共沉淀法制备铜基催化剂的研究

采用超重力共沉淀法制备铜基催化剂。考察了超重力反应器转速、沉淀pH值和陈化时间等条件对催化剂物性的影响,采用X射线衍射、热重、扫描电子显微镜、N₂等温吸附-脱附和等离子发射光谱等方法对制备的催化剂物相、孔结构、表面形貌和粒子大小进行了表征。结果表明,用超重力共沉淀法制备铜基催化剂应选取较低的pH值,并且不经过陈化以避免前驱体中出现Cu₂(OH)₂CO₃影响Cu的分散性,超重力反应器转速700r/min;超重力共沉淀法制备的前驱体物相中CuO-ZnO主要以固溶体形式存在;焙烧所得铜基催化剂粒度小,Cu分散度高,存在适宜的孔隙结构和较大的比表面积。