Excitation of plant growth in dormant temperature by steady magnetic field

Experimental results of applying a steady magnetic field (20 and 30 mT) on agricultural plants reveal that their growth is more than that of control plants. Considering that these plants have ferritin cells, and each ferritin cell has 4500 Fe atoms, it is obvious that they have an outstanding role in the plants’ growth. As the last spin magnetic moment (SMM) of the Fe atom posed to an external magnetic field (EMF), the composition of SMM and EMF create an oscillator in the system. Then we have a moment of force on ferritin cells. This oscillator exerts its energy, then damps and finally locates in the field direction. The relaxed energy increased the internal temperature (i.e., the effective temperature of the magnetic spin system of plant) so that it is situated in a proper temperature for growing. This phenomenon (temperature increasing) occurs in the initial minutes of applying the magnetic field. So it depends on the number of times of locating the plant in magnetic field in a day (n). If this number (n) passes the critical value, the plant reaches a burning temperature and growth is perturbed. In this paper, the plant growth rate and critical temperature in a steady magnetic field were investigated and formulated theoretically. An innovative result in this research is as follows: if a plant's environment was in the dormant temperature, we could increase the internal temperature of the plant by applying a magnetic field n times in a day (for growth).     

Acoustic characterization and prediction for fan-duct-plenum-room integrations

This paper investigates mutual influence of duct and room acoustics in the whole fan-duct-plenum-room integrations. Applying the parametric design language of finite element software ANSYS (APDL), dimensional and positional influence on system acoustics has been studied. Models with different room dimensions, duct lengths, duct cross-sections, duct locations, duct discharges and duct elbow were constructed, and their characteristics were compared qualitatively. Results show that small rooms, short ducts, large duct cross-sections and bell mouth duct discharges help to increase room sound pressure levels (SPLs); SPLs in ducts and plenums are sensitive to duct dimensions and duct discharge types but insensitive to duct locations and room dimensions; duct elbows have relatively indistinct acoustic influence in each component. Based on the calculation results, a semi-experimental method was proposed for simply and approximately evaluating indoor acoustic spectra of fan-duct-plenum-room integrations, then an example was used to demonstrate the prediction process. Finally, by adopting several ideal models, sound field constitutions, duct and room wall admittances and duct end reflection were explored quantitatively. This study may give a detailed understanding of fan-duct-plenum-room acoustics for researchers, also it might provide a new, simple and approximate prediction method for professionals to evaluate and improve fan-ducted acoustics.     

F8BT∶P3HT共混薄膜放大自发辐射的温度效应

研究了温度对聚合物poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-benzothiadiazole)(F8BT)和poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT)共混薄膜的放大自发辐射(ASE)的影响。在80~320 K温度范围测试了不同P3HT质量比的共混聚合物薄膜和纯F8BT薄膜的ASE特性。在室温条件下,共混聚合物的阈值随着P3HT所占比例的增加先降低后升高。当P3HT比例约为20%时,阈值最低约为2.59×10~3W/cm~2。当温度从320 K下降到80 K时,纯F8BT薄膜的ASE阈值光功率由5.36×10~3W/cm~2下降到4.15×10~3W/cm~2,P3HT质量比为20%的共混薄膜的ASE阈值光功率由2.84×10~3W/cm~2下降到2.03×10~3W/cm~2。在一特定泵浦光功率(5.29×10~3W/cm~2)下,当温度由320 K下降至80 K时,ASE强度约提高4倍。随着温度的降低,混合物薄膜的ASE峰位红移,移动达12 nm。     

不同结构六边形斑图演化过程光谱特性

采用发射光谱法,研究了水电极介质阻挡放电中具有相同对称性的3种不同结构的六边形斑图演化过程的光谱特性。实验结果表明,随着外加电压的增加,放电首先形成六边形点阵斑图,然后是空心六边形斑图,最后是蜂窝六边形斑图。利用氩原子696.5 nm(2P_2→1S_5)谱线的展宽、氩原子763.2 nm(2P_6→1S_5)与772.1 nm(2P_2→1S_3)两条谱线强度比法和氮分子第二正带系(C~3Π_u→B~3Π_g)的发射谱线,研究上述3种斑图的电子密度、电子激发温度及分子振动温度。结果发现,随着外加电压的升高,六边形点阵斑图、空心六边形斑图和蜂窝六边形斑图的电子密度逐渐减小,而电子激发温度和分子振动温度逐渐增加。等离子体状态的改变直接影响着斑图的自组织。     

温压炸药爆炸瞬态多光谱真温高温计的研究

温压炸药爆炸温度高且具有较强的破坏力,因而使其爆炸温度测试较为困难。为有效评估温压炸药的热温度毁伤效力,将多光谱温度测量系统应用到温压炸药瞬态高温测试中,利用二次测量法计算出爆炸火焰的发射率与真温。在数据采集系统中结合光纤线传感技术,在确保参试人员的安全前提下,可在500 m外测试仪器状态进行数据采集,实现了测量数据信息的远距离传递。测试结果表明,所设计的测量系统工作稳定、安全性高,具有良好的应用前景。     

脉冲等离子体推力器等离子体羽流的光谱研究

脉冲等离子体推力器(pulsed plasma thruster, PPT)具有体积小、重量轻、比冲高等优点,特别适合作为执行微小卫星轨道转移、阻力补偿和姿态控制等任务的推进系统。为了深入理解PPT推力产生的机理,本文对采用具有张角的舌型极板的尾部馈送式PPT等离子体羽流开展了时空分辨光谱诊断研究。通过对光谱数据的分析发现： 等离子体羽流的主要成分为C,F,C+,F+,C2+,还含有少量的由于极板烧蚀产生的Cu+和Cu2+;等离子体在放电通道内的分布不均匀,通道中心的等离子体浓度最大,靠近阳极板的等离子浓度要明显大于靠近阴极板的等离子体浓度;在不同位置处等离子体成分也具有较大差别,F+和中性粒子主要分布在靠近阳极侧的区域;通过对各个分立谱线进行多普勒线性拟合,得到了放电通道内等离子体温度信息;以中轴线靠近工质的观测点为例,对该点在整个放电过程中不同时刻的谱线进行分析,得到了该点等离子体的具体演化过程,发现在放电的不同阶段羽流成分及各组分所占比例差别较大。     

介质阻挡放电中超四边斑图沿面放电的光谱研究

利用水电极介质阻挡放电装置,在氩气和空气的混合气体中,首次观察到了超四边斑图沿面放电,它是由中心点和暗点组成的。通过观察普通相机的斑图照片,可以发现中心点位于周围四个暗点的中心处。利用高速录像机对斑图进行短曝光拍摄,观察发现中心点对应体放电,暗点对应沿面放电,暗点由这些沿面放电形成。中心点和暗点的亮度有所不同,这说明中心点和暗点的等离子体状态可能不同。采用发射光谱法,研究了超四边斑图沿面放电的的中心点和暗点的等离子体参量随氩气含量的变化趋势。利用氮分子第二正带系(C3Π_u→B3Π_g)发射谱线,计算得出了中心点和暗点的分子振动温度; 然后通过氩原子696.57 nm (2P₂→1S₅)谱线的展宽,研究了中心点和暗点的电子密度。实验结果表明： 在相同氩气含量下,暗点的分子振动温度和电子密度均高于中心点的相应等离子体参量; 在其他实验条件不变的情况下,随着氩气含量从90%增大到99.9%,中心点和暗点的分子振动温度和电子密度均逐渐增大。结果表明中心点和暗点的等离子状态不同,说明二者的放电机制可能不同。     

Discharge Characteristics of Microwave Plasma in Ethanol Solution

An apparatus was designed for generating plasma in ethanol solution. The plasma was generated on the top of the electrode by applying microwave radiation of 2.45 GHz. The results showed that ignition power decreased with increasing temperature of ethanol solution. However, ignition power increased with increasing pressure and point electrode radius of curvature. Plasma and bubbles were generated periodically in the same manner. The electron temperature of the plasma increased with increasing power, while it decreased with increasing pressure. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Synthesis of Blue‐, Green‐, Yellow‐, and Red‐Emitting Graphene‐Quantum‐Dot‐Based Nanomaterials with Excitation‐Independent Emission

A one‐pot method is described for the preparation of graphene quantum dots/graphene oxide (GQDs/GO) hybrid composites with emission in the visible region, through heteroatom doping and hydroxyl‐radical‐induced decomposition of GO. The NH₄OH‐ and thiourea‐mediated dissociation of H₂O₂ produces hydroxyl radicals. Treatment of GO with hydroxyl radicals results in the production of small‐sized GO sheets and GQDs, which self‐assemble to form GQDs/GO through strong π–π interactions. For example, the reaction of GO with a mixture of NH₄OH and H₂O₂ for 40, 120, and 270 min generates yellow‐emitting GQDs/GO (Y‐GQDs/GO), green‐emitting GQDs/GO, and blue‐emitting GQDs, while red‐emitting GQDs/GO (R‐GQDs/GO) are prepared by incubating GO with a mixture of thiourea and H₂O₂. From the analysis of these four GQD‐based nanomaterials by transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy, it is found that this tunable fluorescence wavelength results from the differences in particle size. All four GQD‐based nanomaterials exhibit moderate quantum yields (1–10%), nanosecond fluorescence lifetimes, and excitation‐independent emissions. Except for R‐GQDs/GO, the other three GQD‐based nanomaterials are stable in a high‐concentration salt solution (e.g., 1.6 m NaCl) and under high‐power irradiation, enabling the sensitive (high‐temperature resolution and large activation energy) and reversible detection of temperature change. It is further demonstrated that Y‐GQD/GO can be used to image HeLa cells.     

一种高稳定性光纤F-P标准具的设计

法布里-珀罗(F-P)标准具广泛应用于光纤通信与光纤传感领域。实心标准具受自身材料的限制,无法满足高稳定性的要求。空气隙标准具采用热膨胀系数极低的垫片,提高了器件的温度稳定性能。介绍了低温漂光纤F-P标准具的设计和制作,出射光自由光谱范围为100GHz,损耗为3dB,0~70℃温度漂移小于3GHz。相比于采用传统方法制作的标准具,该光纤F-P标准具稳定性更高,解决了实心标准具折射率和热膨胀变化大的问题。