华根霉全细胞脂肪酶催化合成油酸油醇酯

 比较了10种不同来源的脂肪酶催化油酸与油醇酯化合成油酸油醇酯的能力,其中华根霉Rhizopus chinensis CCTCC M201021全细胞脂肪酶的催化能力最强,其反应转化率可达到90%以上. 酯化反应的最佳油酸/油醇底物摩尔比为1.5, 最佳油酸浓度为0.3 mol/L, 细胞干粉含水量为3.0%～7.5%时对酯化反应最为有利. 以生物相容性指数logP值为指标选择不同的有机溶剂作为有机相进行酯化反应,发现logP值为3.5～4.5的有机溶剂促进酯化效果较好. 全细胞脂肪酶的pH适应范围很广,最佳pH在9.0左右; 最佳反应温度为30 ℃.     

Rapid identification of chemical compositions of three species of Schisandra chinensis by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-orbitrap-mass spectrometry

Schisandra chinensis is a traditional Chinese medicine, which has played an important role in the field of medicine and food. In this study, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-orbitrap-mass spectrometry was used to rapidly classify and identify the chemical compositions. Note that 32, 28, and 30 kinds of compounds were successfully identified from northern Schisandra chinensis, vinegar-processed Schisandra chinensis, and wine-processed Schisandra chinensis, respectively. The cleavage patterns of various components including lignans, organic acids, flavonoids, and terpenoids were summarized, and the effects of different processing methods on Schisandra chinensis were analyzed through chemical composition. This method realized the rapid classification and identification of raw Schisandra chinensis and two different processed products, and provided references for improving the traditional processing methods, strengthening quality control, and ensuring safe clinical application.     

Hollow‐fiber double‐solvent synergistic microextraction with high‐performance liquid chromatography for the determination of antitumor alkaloids in Coptis chinensis

A new hollow‐fiber double‐solvent synergistic microextraction method was proposed for the extraction and concentration of trace active compounds in traditional Chinese medicine. The main variables affecting the method were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, linearities were 0.01–10 μg/mL, detection limits were lower than 0.8 ng/mL, and interday, and intraday relative standard deviations were <9.20%. Furthermore, average recoveries ranged from 102.8 to 104.1%, and enrichment factors were 6–70 for the four alkaloids tested. The antitumor alkaloid group in Coptis chinensis was screened and identified by hollow‐fiber cell fishing with high‐performance liquid chromatography. The four alkaloids were then enriched and quantified by hollow‐fiber double‐solvent synergistic microextraction with high‐performance liquid chromatography. The mechanism of the proposed microextraction method was described, and results demonstrated that the approach was a simple and reliable sample‐preparation procedure. This method, as well as hollow‐fiber cell fishing combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography can be adopted to study the different characteristic effects of the multiple components and multiple targets of traditional Chinese medicine. The approach can also be used to conduct tailored quality control of the active compounds associated with therapeutic efficacy.     

A-Study of the Constituents of the Bark of Tsuga Chinensis Pritz. Var. Formosana (Hay.)

The bark of the Taiwan hemlock was found to contain long-chain alcohols, acids and esters, campesterol, β-sitosterol, 13-epimanool, larixol, dihydroconiferyl alcohol and the corresponding esters, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, kaempferol, epiafzelechin, epicatechin and a novel compound of (3,5-dihydroxy-2-methyl)phenyl 4′-hydroxybenzoate.     

Comparative pharmacokinetic study of six lignans in normal and diabetic rats after oral administration of Saururus chinensis extract by LC–MS/MS

Saururus chinensis (SC) possesses significant anti-diabetic activity and lignans were its major bioactive compounds. In this study, a rapid and sensitive ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) method was established for simultaneous quantification of six lignans, namely (-)-(7R,8R)-machilin D ( 1 ), verrucesin ( 2 ), rel-(7S,8S,7′R,8′R)-3,3′,4,4′,5,5′-hexamethoxy-7.O.7′,8.8′-lignan ( 3 ), manassantin A ( 4 ), manassantin B ( 5 ), and saucerneol F ( 6 ) in rat’s plasma. It was validated with acceptable linearity (r ≥ 0.9922), accuracy (80.42–95.17%), precision (RSD ≤ 12.08%), and extraction recovery (80.36–93.45%). The method was successfully applied to the comparative pharmacokinetic study of the six lignans in normal and diabetic rats after oral administration of SC extract. Results showed that the areas under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC_{0 → t} and AUC_{0 → ∞}) of (-)-(7R,8R)-machilin D, rel-(7S,8S,7′R,8′R)-3,3′,4,4′,5,5′-hexamethoxy-7.O.7′,8.8′-lignan, manassantin B, and saucerneol F in diabetic rats were significantly increased, and the plasma clearance (CL) of (-)-(7R,8R)-machilin D in diabetic rats was significantly decreased. However, the AUC_{0 → t} and AUC_{0 → ∞} of verrucesin were significantly decreased, and its CL was significantly increased in diabetic rats compared with those in normal rats. These results indicated that there were remarkable differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters between the normal and diabetic rats. The pharmacokinetic studies might be beneficial for the clinical use of SC as hypoglycemic agent.     

紫荆花红色素的提取及其稳定性研究

报道了从苏木科植物紫荆（CersischinensisBunge）的花中提取天然红色素的方法。对提取条件进行了优化实验，并在不同条件下考察了紫荆花红色素的稳定性。     

镧对中国对虾卵子孵化和无节幼体变态的影响

研究了Ｌａ对中国对虾胚能和无节幼体生长的影响。实验结果表明，对胚肥发育期为单，二细胞的卵子，Ｌａ的最佳浓度范围为０．３０－１．８０ｍｇ／Ｌ，提高孵化率３３．％－４９．１％；对发育阶段为多细胞期的卵子，最佳浓度范围为０．９０－１．８０ｍ，ｇ＝Ｌ，提高孵化度１７．１％－２３．５％。     

Study on Purification and Characterization of Polyphenol Oxidase from Acetes chinensis

Acetes chinensis (belonging to the Decapoda Sergestidae genus) is widely distributed in East Asian waters and is extremely widespread and present in the shallow coastal areas of China. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO), which was extracted from Acetes chinensis, was purified in a four-step procedure involving phosphate-buffered saline treatment, ammonium sulphate precipitation, DEAE-Cellulose chromatography, and Phenyl-Sepharose HP chromatography, and then, its biochemical characterization was measured. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was increased to 643.4 U/mg, which is a 30.35 times increase in purification, and the recovery rate was 17.9%. L-dopa was used as the substrate, the enzymatic reactions catalyzed by PPO conformed to the Michaelis equation, the maximum reaction velocity was 769.23 U/mL, and the Michaelis constant K_m was 0.846 mmol/L. The optimal pH of PPO from Acetes chinensis was 7.5, and the optimal temperature was 35 °C. The metal ions experiment showed that Mn²⁺ and K⁺ could enhance the activity of PPO; that Ba²⁺ and Ca²⁺ could inhibit the activity of PPO; and that Cu²⁺ had a double effect on PPO, increasing the PPO activity at low concentrations and inhibiting the PPO activity at high concentrations. The inhibitor experiment showed that the inhibitory effects of EDTA and kojic acid were weak and that ascorbic acid and sodium pyrophosphate had good inhibitory effects. The purification and characterization of Acetes chinensis serve as guidelines for the prediction of enzyme behavior, leading to effective prevention of enzymatic browning during processing.     

不同生长期的浙产檵木叶中槲皮素和山奈酚的含量动态

对浙产檵木叶的最佳采收期进行研究,以期更好地指导生产实践。采用高效液相色谱法测定不同生长期的浙产檵木叶中槲皮素和山奈酚的含量变化。不同生长期檵木叶中槲皮素的含量以6至7月为高,8月份则迅速降低;山奈酚的含量以7月至8月为高,从9月份开始逐渐下降。7月是浙产檵木叶的最佳采收期。