Mobile relays for enhanced broadband connectivity in high speed train systems

With the introduction of wireless modems and smart phones, the passenger transport industry is witnessing a high demand to ensure not only the safety of the trains, but also to provide users with Internet access all the time inside the train. When the Mobile Terminal (MT) communicates directly with the Base Station (BS), it will experience a severe degradation in the Quality of Service due to the path loss and shadowing effects as the wireless signal is traveling through the train. In this paper, we study the performance in the case of relays placed on top of each train car. In the proposed approach, these relays communicate with the cellular BS on one hand, and with the MTs inside the train cars on the other hand, using the Long Term Evolution (LTE) cellular technology. A low complexity heuristic LTE radio resource management approach is proposed and compared to the Hungarian algorithm, both in the presence and absence of the relays. The presence of the relays is shown to lead to significant enhancements in the effective data rates of the MTs. In addition, the proposed resource management approach is shown to reach a performance close to the optimal Hungarian algorithm.     

探讨在低碳经济下如何节约降低空调加湿的能耗

在生态危机及环境恶化的压力下,发展低碳经济既是国际大背景,更是我国自身经济发展的必由之路。具体到暖通行业,从空调系统的设计运行中通过改进设计理念,采用新产品,运行维护中实现多方面可调节以及能源的回收以及再利用等五种手段可以做到切实减少能源的浪费。     

休闲学视域下的简·奥斯丁研究

简·奥斯丁的作品多以英国中上层阶级为故事主角,描绘了一幅幅闲适、优雅的阶级生活景象。她笔下的人物和凡勃伦的"有闲阶级"论不谋而合。借助休闲学理论对奥斯丁作品中的人物及其休闲生活进行细读分析后发现,奥斯丁笔下的"有闲阶级"的休闲行为具有"明显有闲"和"明显消费"两大特点。     

Hyphenation of optimized microfluidic sample preparation with nano liquid chromatography for faster and greener alkaloid analysis

A glass liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) microchip with three parallel 3.5 cm long and 100 μm wide interconnecting channels was optimized in terms of more environmentally friendly (greener) solvents and extraction efficiency. In addition, the optimized chip was successfully hyphenated with nano-liquid chromatography with ultraviolet and mass spectrometric detection (nanoLC–UV–MS) for on-line analysis. In this system, sample pretreatment, separation and detection are integrated, which significantly shortens the analysis time, saves labor and drastically reduces solvent consumption. Strychnine was used as model analyte to determine the extraction efficiency of the optimized 3-phase chip. Influence of organic solvent, pH of feed phase, type of alkaloid, and flow rates were investigated. The results demonstrated that the 3-phase chip nanoLC–UV/MS hyphenation combines rapid (∼25 s) and efficient (extraction efficiency >90%) sample prep, with automated alkaloid analyses. The method was applied to real samples including Strychnos nux-vomica seeds, Cephaelis ipecacuanha roots, Atropa belladonna leaves, and Vinca minor leaves.     

Effect of Filtrated Osmotic Solution Based on Concentrated Chokeberry Juice and Mint Extract on the Drying Kinetics,Energy Consumption and Physicochemical Properties of Dried Apples

Background: Filtration of osmotic solution affects selective penetration during osmotic dehydration (OD), and after drying is finished, this can influence the chemical composition of the material, which is also modified by OD. Methods: Osmotic dehydration was carried out in filtrated and non-filtrated concentrated chokeberry juice with the addition of mint infusion. Then, this underwent convective drying, vacuum-microwave drying and combined convective pre-drying, followed by vacuum-microwave finishing drying. Drying kinetics were presented and mathematical models were selected. The specific energy consumption for each drying method was calculated and the energy efficiency was determined. Results and Discussion: The study revealed that filtration of osmotic solution did not have significant effect on drying kinetics; however, it affected selective penetration during OD. The highest specific energy consumption was obtained for the samples treated by convective drying (CD) (around 170 kJ·g⁻¹ fresh weight (fw)) and the lowest for the samples treated by vacuum-microwave drying (VMD) (around 30 kJ·g⁻¹ fw), which is due to the differences in the time of drying and when these methods are applied. Conclusions: Filtration of the osmotic solution can be used to obtain the desired material after drying and the VMD method is the most appropriate considering both phenolic acid content and the energy aspect of drying.     

精神文化消费与竞技运动互动联系之解读

精神价值是竞技运动的灵魂.本文从社会学角度解读了精神文化消费与竞技体育运动的互动联系,通过对其互动性的探讨,旨在为研究竞技体育提供新的视角.     

Demystifying terms for understanding bioelectrochemical systems towards sustainable wastewater treatment

Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) have been intensively studied in the past decade, but precise understanding of BESs performance is hindered by unclear definition of several key parameters. Herein, we analyze and discuss three sets of terms about conversion efficiency, energy performance, and pilot scale. It is suggested that ‘Coulombic recovery’ can avoid the misleading results because of different organic removals, compared with ‘Coulombic efficiency.’ Power density is not a suitable term to describe energy performance of BESs, and energy production/consumption should be reported in the energy unit such as kWh. Pilot-scale BESs should meet several criteria, including hydraulic capacity, use of actual wastewater, non-laboratory condition, and long-term operation. Proper use of those terms is strongly encouraged and will be critically important to BESs research and development.     

Model-Based Optimization of a Fed-Batch Bioreactor for mAb Production Using a Hybridoma Cell Culture

Production of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is a well-known method used to synthesize a large number of identical antibodies, which are molecules of huge importance in medicine. Due to such reasons, intense efforts have been invested to maximize the mAbs production in bioreactors with hybridoma cell cultures. However, the optimal control of such sensitive bioreactors is an engineering problem difficult to solve due to the large number of state-variables with highly nonlinear dynamics, which often translates into a non-convex optimization problem that involves a significant number of decision (control) variables. Based on an adequate kinetic model adopted from the literature, this paper focuses on developing an in-silico (model-based, offline) numerical analysis of a fed-batch bioreactor (FBR) with an immobilized hybridoma culture to determine its optimal feeding policy by considering a small number of control variables, thus ensuring maximization of mAbs production. The obtained time stepwise optimal feeding policies of FBR were proven to obtain better performances than those of simple batch operation (BR) for all the verified alternatives in terms of raw material consumption and mAbs productivity. Several elements of novelty (i–iv) are pointed out in the “conclusions” section (e.g., considering the continuously added biomass as a control variable during FBR).     

湖州市吴兴区体育彩票彩民消费现状的调查研究

采用问卷调查法、专家访谈法、文献资料法、数理统计法等科研方法,对湖州市吴兴区电脑型体育彩票不同彩民消费情况进行调查．调查研究表明：体育彩票消费群体呈多样性;彩民以中青年为主,彩民年龄结构趋于年轻化;彩民的消费心理是比较成熟、健康的;体育彩票的最高奖金额的获得为彩民购买彩票的主要动机;电脑型体育彩票具有良好的市场前景．     

基于随机访问扫描的低功耗确定性测试方案

大规模高密度的集成电路在测试中面临着测试数据量大、测试时间长和测试功耗高的问题.为此提出了一种基于随机访问扫描(random access scan,RAS)的混合模式测试体系结构,该测试方法先通过自动测试模式生成一个确定测试集,再将确定测试集嵌入片上生成的测试序列中进行确定性测试.测试分两个阶段进行,第一阶段利用块固定折叠计数器生成的具有块固定特征的测试模式序列,测试电路中的大部分故障;第二阶段,通过位跳变方法生成确定测试模式,测试剩余的难测故障.在ISCAS-89基准电路上的实验结果表明,该方案不仅减少了测试存储量和测试时间,而且有效地降低了测试功耗.