The interfacial structure of plated copper alloy resistance spot welded joint

Plated copper alloys are widely used in electron industry. The plating lay caused the farther decreasing of the welding property of copper alloys, whose intrinsic weldability was poor. In this paper, the bronze and brass specimens with nickel-tin double plating layer were joined by resistance spot welding method. The microstructure and peel strength of the joints were investigated. The experiment results show that a sandwich-like structure was obtained in the faying surface after welding, and the nickel plating layer thickness had severe effect on the reliability of the joints.     

BaCeO3 钙钛矿型氧化物的储氮和抗硫性能研究

采用改进的溶胶 凝胶法制备了钙钛矿结构的BaCeO3 样品 ,在此基础上再用浸渍法制备了Pt/BaCeO3 、Rh/BaCeO3 、Pt Rh/BaCeO3 样品 ,并用机械混合γ Al2 O3 ,再浸渍贵金属的方法制备了Pt/BaCeO3 /γ Al2 O3 、Rh/BaCeO3 /γ Al2 O3 、Pt Rh/BaCeO3 /γ Al2 O3 样品 .储氮量 (NSC)结果表明 :对未加γ Al2 O3 的BaCeO3 来说 ,贵金属的加入反而使NSC减小 .加入贵金属催化剂的储氮量 (NSC)大小为 :Pt的最大 ,Rh的次之 ,Pt Rh的最小 .γ Al2 O3 的加入对BaCeO3 吸收NO和O2 没有影响 .而对于BaCeO3 /γ Al2 O3 样品 ,贵金属的加入使NSC值提高了 3倍以上 .讨论了贵金属加入到BaCeO3 /γ Al2 O3 样品中显著提高样品储氮能力的原因 .结合XRD结果表明 ,钙钛矿BaCeO3 相是Ba -Ce -O样品主要的NOx 储存活性中心 .NSC结果还表明 ,BaCeO3 和Pt/BaCeO3 催化剂在SO2 为≤ 0 .0 0 6 %时具有较好的抗硫性能 .而Pt/BaCeO3 /γ Al2 O3 催化剂不但具有较好的储氮能力而且具有更好的抗硫性能 .     

The Laplacian polynomial and Kirchhoff index of graphs derived from regular graphs

Let R(G)$R\left(G\right)$ be the graph obtained from G$G$ by adding a new vertex corresponding to each edge of G$G$ and by joining each new vertex to the end vertices of the corresponding edge, and Q(G)$Q\left(G\right)$ be the graph obtained from G$G$ by inserting a new vertex into every edge of G$G$ and by joining by edges those pairs of these new vertices which lie on adjacent edges of G$G$. In this paper, we determine the Laplacian polynomials of R(G)$R\left(G\right)$ and Q(G)$Q\left(G\right)$ of a regular graph G$G$; on the other hand, we derive formulae and lower bounds of the Kirchhoff index of these graphs.     

On resistance of graphs

An edge-coloring of a graph G with integers is called an interval coloring if all colors are used, and the colors of edges incident to any vertex of G are distinct and form an interval of integers. It is known that not all graphs have interval colorings, and therefore it is expedient to consider a measure of closeness for a graph to be interval colorable. In this paper we introduce such a measure (resistance of a graph) and we determine the exact value of the resistance for some classes of graphs.     

Recent studies on advance spectroscopic techniques for the identification of microorganisms: A review

The continuous development of resistance to antibiotic drugs by microorganisms causes high mortality and morbidity. Pathogens with distinct features and biochemical abilities make them destructive to human health. Therefore, early identification of the pathogen is of substantial importance for quick ailments and healthcare outcomes. Several phenotype methods are used for the identification and resistance determination but most of the conventional procedures are time-consuming, costly, and give qualitative results. Recently, great focus has been made on the utilization of advanced techniques for microbial identification. This review is focused on the research studies performed in the last five years for the identification of microorganisms particularly, bacteria using advanced spectroscopic techniques including mass spectrometry (MS), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy (RS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Among all the techniques, MS techniques, particularly MALDI-TOF/MS have been widely utilized for microbial identification. A total of 44 bacteria i.e., 6 Staphylococcus spp., 3 Enterococcus spp., 6 Bacillus spp., 4 Streptococcus spp., 6 Salmonella spp., and one from each genus including Escherichia, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Proteus, Clostridioides, Candida, Brucella, Burkholderia, Francisella, Yersinia, Moraxella, Vibrio, Shigella, Serratia, Citrobacter, and Haemophilus (spp.) were discussed in the review for their identification using the above-mentioned techniques. Among all the identified microorganisms, 21% of studies have been conducted for the identification of E. coli, 14% for S. aureus followed by 37% for other microorganisms.