水处理用强型离子交换树脂抵抗反复渗透压冲击能力测定方法的研究

本研究提出的强渗磨圆球率测定方法，将GB／T12958－1990中已有的树脂强度测定方法（渗磨圆经）中的渗透压冲击由一个周期增加为五个周期，以便更加实地反映凝结水处理树脂在实际使用中在强度方面的差别。对国内主要树脂厂家生长的凝结水处理用强酸，强碱各9种样品的测定结果表明，78％的强酸树脂和56％的强碱树脂的强渗磨圆球率可达到或大于90％的指标，大型型树脂的强渗磨圆球率一般高于凝胶型均粒树脂。该测定方法已作为电力行业标准－《火电厂水处理用离子交换树脂选用导则》的“标准的附录”。     

光致负阻效应及其机理探讨

本文介绍了由间接耦合光电探测器产生的光致负阻现象、并以实验为依据，基于一些合理的简化和假设，提出了一种物理模型。由此建立的几个基本的物理方程及进一步的理论推导的结果表明：该物理模型可以较好地对耦合区电流的负阻特性进行定性地解释。     

ENHANCEMENT OF RESISTANCE TO OXIDATIVE DEGRADATION OF NATURAL RUBBER THROUGH LATEX DEGRADATION

A fully characterised natural rubber latex was subjected to mechanicaldegradation by stirring at intervals. The resistance to oxidative degradation of the differentsamples were studied by measuring the Plasticity retention indices (PRI). The results show that there is an enhancement of the PRI from 57% for the undegradedrubber to 79% for the one-hour degraded sample. Further degradation resulted in decreaseof PRI as time of degradation increased. Therefore, the one-hour degraded sample is aspecial rubber with high oxidation resistance which is of great importance in engineering.     

抗战时期中共土地政策的制定、实施和作用

抗战时期，中共土地政策的制定经过了从没收地主土地、不分田给地主到没收地主土地、分田给地主再到不没收地主土地，地主减租减息农民交租交息的过程。，而且，在八年抗战中，中共一边坚决实施该土地政策，一边不断完善它，纠正实施中发生的偏差，终使该政策起到了重要的作用。     

量子霍尔电阻的精密测量

1980年冯·克里青教授利用MOSEFT在低温强磁场中发现量子霍尔效应,其量子霍尔电阻(QHR)为:R_H=h/(ne~2),(1)式中,e为电子电荷;h为普朗克常数;n为整数.上式表明,量子霍尔电阻只与基本物理常数h/e~2有关,与材质和样品的几何尺寸无关.因此,可利用它来建立电阻的自然基准和测量精细结构常数.为了用它建立电阻自然基准,许多国家的实验室都进行了量子霍尔电阻的精密测量,最高测量不确定度已达1×10~(-8).1988年第18届国际计量大会(CGPM)及第77届国际计量委员会(CIPM)作出决议:“自1990年1月1日起,国际上将同时正式启用以约瑟夫逊常数和冯·克里青常数的国际公认值为基础的电学计量新基准复现电压单位和电阻单位.作为量子霍尔电阻的公认值——冯·克里青常数     

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介绍了液态锂回路中的净化及在线检测装置。该装置采用了冷阱法和热阱法,使回路中产生的C、O、N和氢同位素等杂质降至10wppm以下。目前,已经利用四电极测电阻法测量了放锂前后的电阻随温度的变化曲线,再经过多项式拟合,计算得到了纯锂的电阻率随温度变化的函数。     

男性文化霸权和女性自我表达的迷失——新媒体时代女性身体事件透视

女性身体成为新闻热点,背后隐藏着男性文化霸权对女性的宰制。这种宰制借助新媒体、商业资本、道德、法律规范等组成一个庞大的男性文化霸权同盟,既不断地炮制女性身体事件,又不断地对女性身体以规训。同时,女性身体事件中女性也存在着以身体作为书写的方式,表达自己,冲击男性文化霸权的规训,塑造女性自我新形象。但男性文化同盟以其巨大的向心力,不断地诱导这些女性追求着“假的需要”,走向自我迷失。我们要反省男性文化霸权,也要反省女性在自我表达过程中出现的迷失。     

Moral Sensitivity and Desire Attachment: In What Sense are they Constituents of One’s Rational Profile?

A quantitative interpretation is given of the (in)coherence that moral agents experience as a tension between their ordered moral judgments over n physically incompatible actions, and the competitive ordering of motivating intensities (or, desires). Then a model describing one’s tendency to reduce the experienced in-coherence is constructed. In this model, moral sensitivity (S) and desire attachment (e) function as primitives that motivate from opposing perspectives the reduction of incoherence. Two distinct sub-processes of this reduction are therefore initiated by (S) and (e) co-ordinated (more or less efficiently) by the agent’s degree of rationality (R) characteristic of her capacity to handle such internal tensions. This process ends when a new equilibrium between what motivates and what resists (further) reduction has been reached. A macro-equilibrium is described involving (R) constrained by weakness-of-will (W _w ). A reinterpretation of the Aristotelian characters (enkratês, akratês, etc.) and an exegesis of Hume’s ‘Calm Passions’ follow as applications.

Starch-Based Superabsorbent Hydrogel with High Electrolyte Retention Capability and Synergistic Interface Engineering for Long-Lifespan Flexible Zinc−Air Batteries

The advent of wearable electronics has strongly stimulated advanced research into the exploration of flexible zinc−air batteries (ZABs) with high theoretical energy density, high inherent safety, and low cost. However, the half-open battery structure and the high concentration of alkaline aqueous environment pose great challenges on the electrolyte retention capability and the zinc anode stability. Herein, a starch-based superabsorbent hydrogel polymer electrolyte (SSHPE) with high ionic conductivity, electrolyte absorption and retention capabilities, strong alkaline resistance and high zinc anode stability has been designed and applied in ZABs. Experimental and calculational analyses probe into the root of the superiority of SSHPEs, confirming the significance of the carboxyl functional groups along their polymer chains. These features endow the as-fabricated ZAB a long cycle life of 300 h, much longer than that with commonly used poly(vinyl alcohol)-based electrolyte.     

Efficient Catalytic Production of Hydrogen Peroxide Using Tin-containing Zeolite Fixed Palladium Nanoparticles with Oxidation Resistance

The metal surfaces tend to be oxidized in air through dissociation of the O−O bond of oxygen to reduce the performances in various fields. Although several ligand modification routes have alleviated the oxidation of bulky metal surfaces, it is still a challenge for the oxidation resistance of small-size metal nanoparticles. Herein, we fixed the small-size Pd nanoparticles in tin-contained MFI zeolite crystals, where the tin acts as an electron donor to efficiently hinder the oxidation of Pd by weakening the adsorption of molecular oxygen and suppressing the O−O cleavage. This oxidation-resistant Pd catalyst exhibited superior performance in directly synthesizing hydrogen peroxide from hydrogen and oxygen, with the productivity of hydrogen peroxide at ≈10,170 mmol g_Pd⁻¹ h⁻¹, steadily outperforming the catalysts tested previously. This work leads to the hypothesis that tin is an electron donor to realize oxidation-resistant Pd within zeolite crystals for efficient catalysis to overcome the limitation of generally supported Pd catalysts and further motivates the use of oxidation-resistant metal nanoparticles in various fields.