On-line monitoring of the residence time distribution along a kneading block of a twin-screw extruder

An on-line Residence Time Distribution (RTD) measuring set-up that enables the characterisation of twin screw extruders at short axial increments is presented. It uses the light emission of a fluorescent tracer (perylene) to generate concentration versus time curves, which are then used to determine the usual RTD parameters, delay time, mean residence time and variance. The system is initially mounted on a rectangular die coupled to a single screw extruder, on-line and off-line measurements being directly contrasted. Then, the optical probe is positioned at several points along the axis of a modular co-rotating twin screw extruder, on-line and off-line data being again compared. Having gained confidence in the measuring technique, an experimental unit utilizing a transparent barrel is used to characterize the evolution of RTD along a kneading block of a twin screw extruder.     

Electronic Transport and Thermopower in 2D and 3D Heterostructures—A Theory Perspective

The impact of interfaces and heterojuctions on the electronic and thermoelectric transport properties of materials is discussed herein. Recent progress in understanding electronic transport in heterostructures of 2D materials ranging from graphene to transition metal dichalcogenides, their homojunctions (grain boundaries), lateral heterojunctions (such as graphene/MoS₂ lateral interfaces), and vertical van der Waals heterostructures is reviewed. Work on thermopower in 2D heterojunctions, as well as their applications in creating devices such as resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs), is also discussed. Last, the focus turns to work in 3D heterostructures. While transport in 3D heterostructures has been researched for several decades, here recent progress in theory and simulation of quantum effects on transport via the Wigner and non‐equilibrium Green's functions approaches is reviewed. These simulation techniques have been successfully applied toward understanding the impact of heterojunctions on transport properties and thermopower, which finds applications in energy harvesting, and electron resonant tunneling, with applications in RTDs. In conclusion, tremendous progress has been made in both simulation and experiments toward the goal of understanding transport in heterostructures and this progress will soon be parlayed into improved energy converters and quantum nanoelectronic devices.     

LTE-A系统PUCCH传输分集信道估计算法

针对先进的长期演进( LTE-advanced,LTE-A)系统中,物理上行链路控制信道(physical uplink control channel,PUCCH)采用空间正交资源传输分集方式发送上行控制信息时,两发射天线端口通过使用不同的循环移位使参考信号正交的特点,提出一种特殊形式的信号模型,并描述了基于最小二乘(least square,LS)和三次样条插值,基于LS和离散余弦变换(discrete cosine transform,DCT)插值以及基于最小均方误差(minimum mean square error,MMSE)和DCT的3种复杂度依次增加的信道估计算法.仿真结果表明,基于MMSE和DCT的信道估计算法性能最优.     

空穴型Si/SiGe共振隧穿二极管及其直流参数提取

共振隧穿二极管因其特有的负微分电阻特性,成为一种很有前途的基于能带工程的异质结构量子器件.采用超高真空外延技术,以p型重掺杂硅为衬底生长出以4 nm厚Si0.6Ge0.4层为空穴量子阱、以4 nm厚Si层为空穴势垒的双势垒单量子阱结构.然后用常规半导体器件工艺制成了空穴型共振隧穿二极管.在室温下对面积为8 μm×8 μm的共振隧穿二极管进行测量,其峰值电流密度为45.92 kA/cm2, 电流峰谷比为2.21. 根据测量得到的电流电压特性考虑串联电阻的影响,提取出共振隧穿二极管的直流参数.可以利用这些参数将共振隧穿二极管的直流模型加入SPICE电路模拟软件器中进行共振隧穿二极管电路设计.     

H型中间包与T型中间包的水模对比研究

进行了H型中间包的挡墙和坝的水模拟优化试验,确定出挡墙和坝的最佳设计方案。结合H型中间包的优点,与普遍使用的T型中间包进行了水模实验对比研究。研究表明：H型中间包内流动比T型中间包内更加稳定;当挡墙间距为130 mm、上挡墙高为87.5 mm、下挡墙高为52.5 mm时,H型中间包内液体的流动状态最好,死区体积比T型中间包小;符合工艺参数条件下增大中间包容积有利于停留时间的延长。     

微机用于管式反应器流动模型的研究

将微型计算机用于脉冲注入法测算管式反应器流动模型参数,配备了相应的仪器设备,编制了采样程序和计算程序,并讨论了有关实验、程序和计算方法等问题。     

铁磁体/共振隧穿二极管复合器件中的自旋注入研究

本文在共振遂穿二极管（RTD）的基础上引入自旋,研究了这种铁磁体（FM）/RTD复合结构中的自旋输运行为。结果表明：器件的自旋极化率随着费米能呈现类周期性振荡;这种振荡行为还与器件的尺寸有关系,随着RTD厚度减小,峰宽增大。该器件中的自旋极化率最大可达到近40%。器件的自旋相关电子输运行为还可以通过外加偏压进行调控。     

气升环流反应器用于黄原胶的发酵

针对典型高粘性流体黄原胶的发酵特点,设计了一种新型气升环流反应器,对反应器中液相流型与操作条件之间的关系进行了实验考察,分析了反应器中高剪切区利用流体剪切变稀特性强化传质的原理.黄原胶发酵实验表明,新型气升环流反应器比"通用式"机械搅拌罐更适合于高粘度培养物的发酵.     

用矩阵法处理非理想脉冲的应答曲线

由于化学反应器和传热传质设备的输出函数为输入函数与反应器特性函数的卷积,因此对于非理想脉冲输入,可用示踪剂注入点之后两个测点读得的应答数据,建立矩阵,求解反应器的特性函数。本文提出采用叠代法,可求解阶数很高的矩阵,但叠代初值须经特殊处理,经过10～20次的叠代就可得到足够精确的反应器特性函数的离散值。这方法也可用于一点注入、多点取样的实验系统,以求取反应器在任意两测点间的分段的特性函数。     

Modeling the Effects of Reactor Backmixing on RAFT Polymerization

The effects of reactor backmixing on the outcome of RAFT polymerizations are examined. The kinetic model for the RAFT reaction is based on the first principle of mass balances and the method of moments. Two reactor models were applied for the simulation of backmixing, i.e., a PFTR with loop and multiple CSTRs in series. The models predict the behavior of monomer conversion, molecular weights, their distributions as well as the polydispersities for various chain types at different levels of backmixing. Both models demonstrated that a significant impact of reactor backmixing on RAFT kinetics and polymer molecular weight development exists.