Calculation of impulsively started incompressible viscous flows

The paper's focus is the calculation of unsteady incompressible 2D flows past airfoils. In the framework of the primitive variable Navier–Stokes equations, the initial and boundary conditions must be assigned so as to be compatible, to assure the correct prediction of the flow evolution. This requirement, typical of all incompressible flows, viscous or inviscid, is often violated when modelling the flow past immersed bodies impulsively started from rest. Its fulfillment can however be restored by means of a procedure enforcing compatibility, consisting in a pre‐processing of the initial velocity field, here described in detail. Numerical solutions for an impulsively started multiple airfoil have been obtained using a finite element incremental projection method. The spatial discretization chosen for the velocity and pressure are of different order to satisfy the inf–sup condition and obtain a smooth pressure field. Results are provided to illustrate the effect of employing or not the compatibility procedure, and are found in good agreement with those obtained with a non‐primitive variable solver. In addition, we introduce a post‐processing procedure to evaluate an alternative pressure field which is found to be more accurate than the one resulting from the projection method. This is achieved by considering an appropriate ‘unsplit’ version of the momentum equation, where the velocity solution of the projection method is substituted. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Damage and fracture evaluation of granular composite materials by digital image correlation method

This paper presents the applications of digital image correlation technique to the mesoscopic damage and fracture study of some granular based composite materials including steelfiber reinforced concrete, sandstone and crystal-polymer composite. The deformation fields of the composite materials resulted from stress localization were obtained by the correlation computation of the surface images with loading steps and thus the related damage prediction and fracture parameters were evaluated. The correlation searching could be performed either directly based on the gray levels of the digital images or from the wavelet transform (WT) coefficients of the transform spectrum. The latter was developed by the authors and showed higher resolution and sensitivity to the singularity detection. Because the displacement components came from the rough surfaces of the composite materials without any coats of gratings or fringes of optical interferometry, both surface profiles and the deformation fields of the composites were visualized which was helpful to compare each other to analyze the damage of those heterogeneous materials. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10125211 and 10072002), the Scientific Committee of Yunnan Province for the Program of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete, and the Institute of Chemical Materials, CAEP at Mianyang     

The fifth dimension: Theodor Kaluza's ground‐breaking idea

Theodor Kaluza (1885–1954) attracted the attention of the physical community since 1921 with his unified field theory of gravitation and electromagnetism in five dimensions. Despite Einstein's great interest in Kaluza's theory, 50 years elapsed before it contributed toward a paradigm shift in modern theoretical physics. The biography of this still unknown scientist is briefly presented along with an outline of his work in physics. A short history of the theories of unification and the dimensionality of space‐time is followed by a discussion of the significance of Kaluza's five‐dimensional unified theory in modern physics from the point of view of superstring and M‐theory.     

唐诗论域研究的后现代化

对唐诗的研究传统多是针对其背景、主题思想、体裁以及艺术手法进行探究的。20世纪末,西方的后现代思潮引入我国,在学术界掀起了一股热潮,传统的一些文学作品和现象被重新定义,它们的论域在后现代语境下发生了重大的改变。作为古典文学旗帜的唐诗就在其中之列,后现代语境给了传统唐诗研究以活力,让它沿着反传统、反定式、多元化、通俗化、商品化的后现代方向不断发展。     

浅析农田鼠害回升原因及防治策略

分析了农田鼠害回升的主要原因,在此基础上提出了相应的防治策略,包括提高思想认识,加强鼠情动态监测,开展综合防治等。     

Problem of the free oscillations of a capillary bridge

The free oscillations of a capillary bridge whose equilibrium shape is determined by the surface tension forces and the static gravity field are investigated. The values of 25 “lower” levels of the spectrum of natural oscillations of the capillary bridge are found for various control parameters in accordance with the experimental conditions.     

普通高校体育教育专业田径专修跨栏教学素质教育模式的再探

对体育教育专业如何与“素质教育”良性接轨进行了探索与研究,旨在能够为全面推进体育教育专业素质教育改革起到抛砖引玉的作用.研究结果表明：设计的教学模式有助于实现从应试教育向素质教育的良性转化;还有助于在普通高校体育教育专业田径专修跨栏教学中增强学生的自信心,提高教与学的效率.     

A theoretical model for mid-and low-latitude ionospheric electric fields in realistic geomagnetic fields

The geomagnetic fields, which play important roles in the ionospheric dynamo, can greatly affect the global distribution of ionospheric electric fields, currents and other ionospheric electrodynamics phenomena. In the study of ionospheric electrodynamics phenomena, such as the longitudinal variations of ionospheric electric fields, the non-dipolar component of the geomagnetic fields must be taken into account. In this paper, we deduce a theoretical electric field model for ionospheric dynamo at mid- and low-latitude which adopt a modified magnetic apex coordinates system. In the new electric field model, the geomagnetic fields can be calculated from either the IGRF model or the dipole field model, and the neutral winds and conductivities are calculated based on empirical models. Then the dynamo equation for the electric potential is finally solved in terms of the line-by-line iteration method, and the ionospheric electric fields and currents are derived from the calculated potential. Our model can reproduce the main features of the ionospheric electrodynamics processes, so it will be a useful tool for the investigation of the upper atmosphere and ionosphere.     

固体吸附制冷系统发生器温度场数值模拟

以内燃机排气－固体吸附制冷系统为背景，建立了固体吸附制冷系统发生器瞬态温度场数值计算模型，并讨论模型中涉及的部分物性参数。通过实验验证，该模型能较好地模拟发生器内瞬态温度场。     

电气试验中两个异常负值现象分析

介绍了在电气试验中遇到的两个奇异负值现象，探讨了造成这些现象的原因，并说明在工程实践中成功的解决方法。归纳了电气试验中消除干扰对电气试验结果影响的几点工作经验。