全文获取类型
收费全文 | 13189篇 |
免费 | 622篇 |
国内免费 | 2211篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 10058篇 |
晶体学 | 185篇 |
力学 | 150篇 |
综合类 | 90篇 |
数学 | 1348篇 |
物理学 | 1681篇 |
综合类 | 2510篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 23篇 |
2023年 | 147篇 |
2022年 | 343篇 |
2021年 | 269篇 |
2020年 | 284篇 |
2019年 | 282篇 |
2018年 | 255篇 |
2017年 | 321篇 |
2016年 | 329篇 |
2015年 | 301篇 |
2014年 | 418篇 |
2013年 | 881篇 |
2012年 | 701篇 |
2011年 | 845篇 |
2010年 | 710篇 |
2009年 | 919篇 |
2008年 | 899篇 |
2007年 | 886篇 |
2006年 | 863篇 |
2005年 | 764篇 |
2004年 | 722篇 |
2003年 | 575篇 |
2002年 | 543篇 |
2001年 | 396篇 |
2000年 | 445篇 |
1999年 | 354篇 |
1998年 | 278篇 |
1997年 | 303篇 |
1996年 | 255篇 |
1995年 | 266篇 |
1994年 | 245篇 |
1993年 | 222篇 |
1992年 | 209篇 |
1991年 | 155篇 |
1990年 | 114篇 |
1989年 | 120篇 |
1988年 | 71篇 |
1987年 | 42篇 |
1986年 | 55篇 |
1985年 | 26篇 |
1984年 | 27篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 20篇 |
1981年 | 29篇 |
1980年 | 19篇 |
1979年 | 20篇 |
1978年 | 18篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 12篇 |
1974年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
蕴含W5可图序列的最小度和 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Gould,Jacobson和Lehel考虑了下述经典Tur偄n型极值问题的变形:对于给定的图H,确定最小的正偶数σ(H,n),使得对于每一个n项可图序列π=(d1,d2,…,dn),当σ(π)=d1+d2+…+dn≥σ(H,n)时,π有一个实现G包含H作为可图的.本文确定了当n≥11时,σ(W5,n)之值,其中Wr是r个顶点的轮图. 相似文献
2.
Double Michael additions of lithium enolaie of 1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]dec-6-en-8-one to four acrylates afforded bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-ones with high regio- and stereoselectivities in moderate yields. 相似文献
3.
Teresa uczak Radosaw Pankiewicz Bogusawa ska Grzegorz Schroeder Maria Betowska-Brzezinska Bogumil Brzezinski 《Journal of Molecular Structure》2006,800(1-3):140-145
Novel self-assembled monolayers were obtained on silver using 4,7-diazaheptyl-trimethoxy-silane (SiN) and vinyl-trialkoxy-silane (SiVA, where the alkyl group is 3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,36,39,42,45,48,51,54,57,60-eicozaoxa- hexaheptaconan). It was shown that thus modified metal surface was protected against electrooxidation. A densely packed monolayer remained stable and did not desorb from the Ag electrode on the potential cycling. The structure of SiN and SiVA as well as their complexes with Li+ cations were calculated and visualised by the AM1d and PM5 semi-empirical methods. 相似文献
4.
The title compound is a bifunctional receptors including a thiourea group and a crown ether ring. Due to many possible potentials as a new class of reagents for membrane transports,ion-selective electrodes as well as reaction catalysts, the design and synthesis of bifunctional receptors for simultaneous binding of cations and anions is of ongoning interest in srprarnolecular chemistry1-5. In bifunctional receptors, the binding sites for anions and cations are covalently linked so as to exhibit allosteric or cooperative complexation where the binding affinity for anions(cations)is modified as a result of the cation(anion) complexation.Literature[6] reported that the ability of the thiourea group to bind anions is significantly enhanced when Na+ is bound to the crown moiety. To date, however only a few receptors of this class have been reported.6-8In this paper, we report an improved procedure under microwave irradiation that gives higher yields of title compound and needs fewer reaction times than traditional method.The structure of this compound was determined by IR ,element analysis and X-ray analysis.Scheme 1 The reaction equationThe crystal belongs to triclinic crystal system, P-1 space group, a=0.9547(0)nm, b=1.3637(3)nm,c=1.6029(3)nm, α =75.33(3) , β =83.62(3) , γ =70.99(3) ,Z=4,Dc=1.335g/cm3,F(000)=816,R1= 0.0557 ,wR2=0.1281. It is assembled into a three-dimensionalsupramolecule by intermolecular hydrogen bonds. 相似文献
5.
JiangMinCHEN LuLingWU XianHUANG 《中国化学快报》2004,15(2):143-144
2,5-Disubstituted oxazoles were prepared conveniently by treatment of aromatic α-methyl ketones and nitriles with poly[styrene(iodosodiacetate)] in one-pot process. 相似文献
6.
Ri Cheng XUAN* Wei Xiao HU Zhong Yu YANG Ya Ping LU College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 《中国化学快报》2004,(2)
2-Chloro-5-methylpyridine is an important intermediate for the preparation of biological active compounds, especially insecticides1, e.g. imidacloprid2, and is usually manufac- tured from 3-methylpyridine N-oxide. However, the manufacturing process also forms the by-products: 3-methylpyridine and its isomer 2-chloro-3-methylpyridine3. The pro- perties of the isomers are similar, it is difficult to separate by ordinary methods, such as distillation. Scheme 1 79.4%13.6%5.2%NClCH3NCH3ClNC… 相似文献
7.
Peter Naur 《BIT Numerical Mathematics》1986,26(2):175-187
The questions raised by A. M. Turing in his paper on thought and machines are discussed. Human thought is considered in turn as a concept of normal language usage, as a basic concept of psychology, and as the basis of intellectual activity. It is concluded that neither of these notions of thought identifies something specific that a human being can or cannot do. The imitation game proposed by Turing for deciding whether a machine can think is found to result from an arbitrary empoverishment of the channel of communication between the interrogator and the item under investigation. Turing's notions of thinking are shown to lead to logical difficulties. An alternative view of consciousness, that would place it beyond the reach of any finite test, is finally discussed. 相似文献
8.
以乙酸四氢呋喃甲酯为原料,通过自由基氯化反应,合成双脱氧核苷类抗艾滋病药物的重要中间体化合物5—0—乙酰基—2.3—双脱氧—D.L—吹喃戊糖基氯.对于此种不稳定的中间体化合物,用~1HNMR跟踪监测反应物的方法,研究了改变反应时间、反应温度和反应物摩尔比对反应产物的影响,获得了最佳的反应条件,使其收率从10%提高到50%左右. 相似文献
9.
《科学通报(英文版)》1992,37(14):1176-1176
10.
Adam Kiersnowski Jochen S. Gutmann Jacek Pigłowski 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2007,45(17):2350-2367
ε‐caprolactone was polymerized in the presence of neat montmorillonite or organomontmorillonites to obtain a variety of poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL)‐based systems loaded with 10 wt % of the silicates. The materials were thoroughly investigated by different X‐ray scattering techniques to determine factors affecting structure of the systems. For one of the nanocomposites it was found that varying the temperature in the range corresponding to crystallization of PCL causes reversible changes in the interlayer distance of the organoclay. Extensive experimental and literature studies on this phenomenon provided clues indicating that this effect might be a result of two‐dimensional ordering of PCL chains inside the galleries of the silicate. Small angle X‐ray scattering and wide angle X‐ray scattering investigation of filaments oriented above melting point of PCL revealed that polymer lamellae were oriented perpendicularly to particles of unmodified silicate, while in PCL/organoclay systems they were found parallel to clay tactoids. Calorimetric and microscopic studies shown that clay particles are effective nucleating agents. In the nanocomposites, PCL crystallized 20‐fold faster than in the neat polymer. The crystallization rate in nanocomposites was also significantly higher than in microcomposite. Further research provided an insight how the presence of the filler affects crystalline fraction and spherulitic structure of the polymer matrix in the investigated systems. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 2350–2367, 2007 相似文献