Topographical properties of polymer films deposited in capillaries for electrophoretic separations of large organic molecules

Topography and thickness of hydrophilic polymer coatings of fused-silica capillaries for capillary electrophoresis (CE) were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and profilometry. Three hydrogels, poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) [poly(HEMA)], poly(diethylene glycol monomethacrylate) [poly(DEGMA)], and poly(triethylene glycol monomethacrylate) [poly(TEGMA)], were deposited using two procedures, either by simple physical sorption of the polymers, or by derivatization of the capillary wall surface with glycidyl methacrylate (EPMA) followed by polymerization of the appropriate monomers. The performance of the modified capillaries was tested under CE conditions (decrease in the electroosmotic flow, EOF dependence on pH, separation of milk and standard proteins). It has been found that the most important property of the polymer coating is its thickness, whereas its topography and the degree of its hydrophobicity are less significant. Film deposition by physical adsorption is preferable to polymerization on the derivatized surface.     

The impact of LIMS design and functionality on laboratory quality achievements

 A laboratory information management system (LIMS) can make a major contribution to the quality and therefore to the efficiency and competitiveness of a laboratory. Since it can impact all aspects of a laboratory's organization it must be the key if not the principal player of the laboratory's quality system. It should support the laboratory in establishing, maintaining and applying quality procedures thereby enabling the laboratory to achieve its quality goals. As a tool, LIMS permits the laboratory to input and use its own know-how and experience to optimize the total organization (internal and external) and workflow of generated information. However, perceived "quality" in the context of an LIMS, can be viewed as being made up of different facets such as the security, reliability and accessibility of information as well as its turn around time and production cost. This paper reviews the role of a LIMS in the laboratory and the contribution that both system design and functionality can have on "building quality ". Received: 5 October 1998 · Accepted: 20 October 1998     

Photocatalytic and antifouling properties of TiO2-based photocatalytic membranes

Photocatalysis has been extensively studied due to its potential ability to avoid the excessive use of chemical reagents and reduce the energy consumption by employing solar energy. Moreover, to alleviate the reduction in the membrane permeation selectivity, separation efficiency, and membrane service life caused by the emerging micro-pollutants and membrane fouling, membrane technology is often coupled with microbial, electrochemical, and catalytic processes. However, although physical/chemical cleaning and membrane module replacement can overcome the inherent limitations caused by membrane fouling and other membrane separation processes, high operating costs limit their practical applications. In this review, common preparation methods for TiO₂ photocatalytic membranes are described in detail, and the main approaches to enhancing their photocatalytic performance are discussed. More importantly, the mechanism of the TiO₂ photocatalytic membrane antifouling process is elucidated, and some applications of photocatalytic membranes in other areas are described. This review systematically outlines future research directions in the field of photocatalytic membrane modification, including metal and non-metal doping, fabrication of heterojunction structures, control over reaction conditions, increase in hydrophilicity, and increase in membrane porosity.     

电子束熔化成形与锻造Ti6Al4V合金的腐蚀行为对比研究

本工作采用电化学工作站研究了电子束熔化技术（EBM）成形TC4样品和传统锻造TC4在3.5wt% NaCl溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为. 结果表明EBM成形TC4样品的非平衡微观结构使其与传统锻造的TC4相比,表现出不同的耐腐蚀性. EBM成形TC4样品与锻件TC4相比,EBM成形样品不同平面存在耐蚀性差异,而且EBM水平面大于锻件,EBM垂直面小于锻件. EBM成形TC4样品垂直面出现的腐蚀性能的各向异性主要是β柱状晶导致的. 在腐蚀的过程中,点蚀优先发生在α晶界,因为晶界能量较高,形成多孔的钝化层. 本项工作有助于丰富增材制造制备TC4合金在航空钛合金领域的腐蚀性能研究.     

2022年中国重大科学、技术和工程进展

本着分门别类、本刊推荐、专家遴选、宁缺毋滥、叙述事实的原则,从国内外著名科技期刊和科技新闻媒体所报道的中国科技成果中,按科学、技术、工程3个类别,由《科技导报》编辑部遴选、推荐候选条目,经《科技导报》编委、审稿人等专家通信评选,推选出2022年中国重大科学、技术和工程进展30项。（1）2022年中国重大科学进展10项：探测到重复快速射电暴密近环境的动态演化;解析新冠病毒突变株奥密克戎免疫逃逸的分子机制;发现黏附类GPCR识别和激活新机制;实现世界纪录效率的全钙钛矿叠层太阳能电池制备新途径;测定超高热导率半导体砷化硼载流子迁移率;发现促使胆固醇排出体外的降脂新方法;揭示火星乌托邦平原浅表精细结构和物性特征;发现志留纪化石库为解答有颌脊椎动物起源提供确凿证据;实现光催化剂光生电荷转移过程的全时空成像;开创海水原位电解制氢新原理与新方法。（2）2022年中国重大技术进展10项：在高温超导体中诱导出奇异金属态;实现超快激光三维极端制造重大突破;实现三原子分子的量子相干合成;建立蛋白质从头设计新方法;制备出亚1 nm栅极长度的晶体管;发现并编辑KRN2基因可同时提高水稻玉米产量;提出全新诱导人多...     

虚拟GDB远程调试技术及其在硬件仿真器中的应用

为了解决当前硬件仿真器采用测试激励与探针采样调试方法导致的额外硬件资源需求增加以及调试方法复杂死板的问题,研究出一种虚拟GDB远程调试技术提高硬件仿真器的调试能力。首先,使用JTAG的消息代理器与事务处理器进行软件与硬件的信息交互,实现计算机与硬件仿真器的通信;然后,通过VPI接口实现GDB与JTAG代理器的软件信息交互,完成虚拟GDB调试;最后,在硬件仿真器中进行应用实验。结果表明,虚拟GDB远程调试系统可支持断点插入、单步运行、寄存器读写等功能,与插入探针的调试方法相比,使用虚拟GDB调试提速近百倍。虚拟GDB远程调试技术丰富了硬件仿真器的软件调试手段,增强了硬件仿真器的调试能力,提升了芯片设计验证效率。     

基于CiteSpace的非物质文化遗产科技创新研究热点及趋势分析

非物质文化遗产（以下简称“非遗”）作为我国优秀传统文化的重要组成部分,非遗科技创新的研究逐渐成为学术界关注的热点。运用CiteSpace分析工具的可视化功能,以中国知网中CSSCI数据库收录的有关非遗科技创新的文献为样本,对年度发文量、研究力量、研究热点和趋势等进行分析。研究发现：2008~2021年非遗科技创新研究经历了3个阶段;研究热点集中在非遗、传承、创新和保护等方面;研究前沿主题聚焦互联网+、传播创新和活态传承等。     

我国区域绿色技术创新效率的分类测度和提升模式研究——基于非期望产出的SBM-SupSBM模型

本文首先运用考虑非期望产出的SBM-SupSBM模型估计我国各省市绿色技术创新效率并进行分类:稳定上升类、平稳类、大幅度波动类以及下降类。之后从企业内部和外部两方面对绿色技术创新效率提升的影响因素提出假设,着重考虑大幅度波动类别省份的效率提升。运用面板数据模型各影响因素进行验证,结论显示:企业规模对绿色技术创新效率波动较大的省份起到显著的抑制作用,环境规制和技术进步对绿色技术创新效率波动较大的省份作用不明显。针对分析结果,提出结论:在提升绿色技术创新效率的过程中,应注重企业规模和技术进步的协同作用,以及技术的开放程度。     

浇筑水泥的研制

本法以普通硅酸盐水泥为基础,掺入Ｄ型外加济,混匀,制成浇筑水泥,其各项性能指标达到或超过江苏省企业标准（江苏Ｑ／ＪＣ３０２－８６）中的５２５浇筑水泥标准。     

Single machine group scheduling with ordered criteria

The single machine group scheduling problem is considered. Jobs are classified into several groups on the basis of group technology, i.e. jobs of the same group have to be processed jointly. A machine set-up time independent of the group sequence is needed between each two consecutive groups. A schedule specifies the sequence of groups and the sequence of jobs in each group. The quality of a schedule is measured by the criteriaF ₁, ...,F _m ordered by their relative importance. The objective is to minimize the least important criterionF _m subject to the schedule being optimal with respect to the more important criterionF _m–1 which is minimized on the set of schedules minimizing criterionF _m–2 and so on. The most important criterion isF ₁, which is minimized on the set of all feasible schedules. An approach to solve this multicriterion problem in polynomial time is presented if functionsF ₁, ...,F _m have special properties. The total weighted completion time and the total weighted exponential time are the examples of functionsF ₁, ...,F _m–1 and the maximum cost is an example of functionF _m for which our approach can be applied.The research of the authors was partially supported by a KBN Grant No. 3 P 406 003 05, the Fundamental Research Fund of Belarus, Project N 60-242, and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Project Schema, respectively. The paper was completed while the first author was visiting the University of Melbourne.