全文获取类型
收费全文 | 8570篇 |
免费 | 456篇 |
国内免费 | 511篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 366篇 |
晶体学 | 18篇 |
力学 | 793篇 |
综合类 | 66篇 |
数学 | 2698篇 |
物理学 | 1282篇 |
综合类 | 4314篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 21篇 |
2023年 | 62篇 |
2022年 | 103篇 |
2021年 | 121篇 |
2020年 | 151篇 |
2019年 | 155篇 |
2018年 | 157篇 |
2017年 | 162篇 |
2016年 | 157篇 |
2015年 | 200篇 |
2014年 | 368篇 |
2013年 | 422篇 |
2012年 | 384篇 |
2011年 | 475篇 |
2010年 | 402篇 |
2009年 | 493篇 |
2008年 | 484篇 |
2007年 | 592篇 |
2006年 | 575篇 |
2005年 | 523篇 |
2004年 | 410篇 |
2003年 | 422篇 |
2002年 | 355篇 |
2001年 | 289篇 |
2000年 | 274篇 |
1999年 | 223篇 |
1998年 | 168篇 |
1997年 | 187篇 |
1996年 | 144篇 |
1995年 | 126篇 |
1994年 | 114篇 |
1993年 | 139篇 |
1992年 | 116篇 |
1991年 | 106篇 |
1990年 | 84篇 |
1989年 | 73篇 |
1988年 | 57篇 |
1987年 | 47篇 |
1986年 | 24篇 |
1985年 | 26篇 |
1984年 | 23篇 |
1983年 | 10篇 |
1982年 | 21篇 |
1981年 | 12篇 |
1980年 | 17篇 |
1979年 | 17篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 9篇 |
1976年 | 12篇 |
1974年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有9537条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
41.
We consider a Bolza optimal control problem with state constraints. It is well known that under some technical assumptions every strong local minimizer of this problem satisfies first order necessary optimality conditions in the form of a constrained maximum principle. In general, the maximum principle may be abnormal or even degenerate and so does not provide a sufficient information about optimal controls. In the recent literature some sufficient conditions were proposed to guarantee that at least one maximum principle is nondegenerate, cf. [A.V. Arutyanov, S.M. Aseev, Investigation of the degeneracy phenomenon of the maximum principle for optimal control problems with state constraints, SIAM J. Control Optim. 35 (1997) 930–952; F. Rampazzo, R.B. Vinter, A theorem on existence of neighbouring trajectories satisfying a state constraint, with applications to optimal control, IMA 16 (4) (1999) 335–351; F. Rampazzo, R.B. Vinter, Degenerate optimal control problems with state constraints, SIAM J. Control Optim. 39 (4) (2000) 989–1007]. Our aim is to show that actually conditions of a similar nature guarantee normality of every nondegenerate maximum principle. In particular we allow the initial condition to be fixed and the state constraints to be nonsmooth. To prove normality we use J. Yorke type linearization of control systems and show the existence of a solution to a linearized control system satisfying new state constraints defined, in turn, by linearization of the original set of constraints along an extremal trajectory. 相似文献
42.
Ryusuke Kon 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2006,134(10):3025-3034
We establish an exclusion principle in discrete-time Kolmogorov systems by using average Liapunov functions. The exclusion principle shows that a weakly dominant species with a convex logarithmic growth rate function eliminates species with concave logarithmic growth rate functions. A general result is applied to specific population models. This application gives an improved exclusion principle for the specific population models.
43.
Jian‐guo Tang 《Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences》2006,29(11):1327-1338
An implicit iterative method is applied to solving linear ill‐posed problems with perturbed operators. It is proved that the optimal convergence rate can be obtained after choosing suitable number of iterations. A generalized Morozov's discrepancy principle is proposed for the problems, and then the optimal convergence rate can also be obtained by an a posteriori strategy. The convergence results show that the algorithm is a robust regularization method. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
44.
In this paper, the authors deal with bifunctions defined on complete metric spaces and with values in locally convex spaces ordered by closed convex cones. The aim is to provide a vector version of Ekeland’s theorem related to equilibrium problems. To prove this principle, a weak notion of continuity of a vector-valued function is considered, and some of its properties are presented. Via the vector Ekeland’s principle, existence results for vector equilibria are proved in both compact and noncompact domains. 相似文献
45.
Hans J. Fahr 《Foundations of Physics Letters》2006,19(5):423-440
According to ideas of Mach, Whitrow, Dirac, or Hoyle, inertial masses of particles should not be a genuine, predetermined
quantity; rather they should represent a relational quantity which by its value somehow reflects the deposition and constellation
of all other objects in their cosmic environment. In this paper we want to pick up suggestions given by Thirring and by Hoyle
of how, due to requirements of the equivalence of rotations and of general relativistic conformal scale invariance, the particle
masses of cosmic objects should vary with the cosmic length scale. We study cosmological consequences of comoving cosmic masses
which co-evolve by mass with the expansion of the universe. The vanishing of the covariant divergence of the cosmic energy-momentum
tensor under the new prerequisite that matter density only falls off with the reciproke of the squared cosmic scale S(t) then leads to the astonishing result that cosmic pressuredoes not fall off adiabatically but rather falls off in a quasi-isothermal
behaviour, varying with S(t) as matter density does. Hence, as a new cosmological fact, it arises that, even in the late phases of cosmic expansion,
pressure cannot be neglected what concerns its gravitational action on the cosmic dynamics. We then show that under these
conditions the cosmological equations can, however, only be solved if, in addition to matter, also pressure and energy density
of the cosmic vacuum are included in the calculation. An unaccelerated expansion with a Hubble parameter falling off with
S(t)−1 is obtained for a vacuum energy density decay according to S(t)−2 with a well-tuned proportion of matter and vacuum pressures. As it appears from these results, a universe with particle masses
increasing with the cosmic sale S(t) is in fact physically conceivable in an energetically consistent manner, if vacuum energy at the expansion of the universe
is converted into mass density of real matter with no net energy loss occuring. This universe in addition also happens to
be an economical one which has and keeps a vanishing total energy. 相似文献
46.
Marion SCHEEPERS 《数学学报(英文版)》2007,23(7):1153-1162
We show that a set of real numbers is a Sierpinski set if, and only if, it satisfies a selection property similar to the familiar Menger property. 相似文献
47.
根据目前通信原理课程实验教学的现状,提出并利用FPGA及QuartusII软件设计通信原理课程实验系统,给出了实施方案.该系统结合了传统实验方法和计算机仿真技术的优点,在教学中效果明显提高. 相似文献
48.
We propose iteration methods for solving the Dirichlet problem in domains with involved geometry. Such problems arise in relation to the problem of optimizing quantum dot and antidot infrared detectors. We estimate the deviation of an approximate solution from the exact solution. 相似文献
49.
This work is concerned with the maximum principle for optimal control problem governed by magnetohydrodynamic equations, which describe the motion of a viscous incompressible conducting fluid in a magnetic field and consist of a subtle coupling of the Navier-Stokes equation of viscous incompressible fluid flow and the Maxwell equation of electromagnetic field. An integral type state constraint is considered. 相似文献
50.
Young Ja Park 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2004,132(7):2075-2083
A logarithmic Sobolev trace inequality is derived. Bounds on the best constant for this inequality from above and below are investigated using the sharp Sobolev inequality and the sharp logarithmic Sobolev inequality.