淹水处理下杨树不同无性系苗木根系形态变化

【目的】了解淹水处理下不同杨树无性系苗木根系的形态变化规律,揭示杨树对淹水胁迫的根系适应策略,为筛选耐水的杨树无性系提供依据。【方法】选用3804杨、1388杨、895杨、110杨和328杨5个杨树无性系,设置对照、渍水和淹水3种处理,测定苗木根系的生物量、长度、数量、表面积、体积等指标。【结果】①渍水处理下杨树根生物量与对照无显著差异,但淹水处理下的根生物量却显著小于对照。②渍水和淹水处理下的多数杨树无性系苗木一级根数量与对照之间没有显著差异,但总根长、总根投影面积、总根表面积和总根体积却大于对照。③与对照相比,渍水和淹水处理下的杨树苗木根系平均直径有所减小,但根尖数、分叉数和交叉数却增大。④主成分分析提取出的2个主成分累积贡献率为88.58%,可较好地反映杨树苗木根系形态特征。【结论】隶属函数法分析表明,在渍水处理下5个杨树无性系根系形态表现的优劣顺序是1388杨>895杨>3804杨>110杨>328杨;在淹水处理下的优劣顺序是1388杨>895杨>110杨>328杨>3804杨。所以,从根系形态表现看,1388杨和895杨的耐水性较强。     

Jasmonic acid changes the composition of essential oil isolated from narrow-leaved lavender propagated in in vitro cultures

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of jasmonic acid added to the culture medium on composition of Lavandula angustifolia essential oils. The chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography coupled to mass detector (GC/MS). The experiment was conducted with the use of MS medium supplemented with increasing concentration of JA (0.2, 0.5, 1, 1.5 mg?dm^?3). It was found that the analysed essential oils varied in terms of chemical composition depending on the content of JA in the medium. All obtained essential oils were characterised by a high content of σ-cadinene (17.06–29.64%), borneol (6.66–17.47%), caryophyllene oxide (8.30–14.01%), τ-cadinol (4.87–9.16%), beta-caryophyllene (3.54–6.57%), 1.8-cineole (1.94–5.87%), β-pinene (1.48–3.05%), geranyl acetate (0.56–2.14%) and myrtenal (0.65–2.14%).     

Peptaibol-Containing Extracts of Trichoderma atroviride and the Fight against Resistant Microorganisms and Cancer Cells

Fighting resistance to antibiotics and chemotherapeutics has brought bioactive peptides to the fore. Peptaibols are short α-aminoisobutyric acid-containing peptides produced by Trichoderma species. Here, we studied the production of peptaibols by Trichoderma atroviride O1 and evaluated their antibacterial and anticancer activity against drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant bacterium and cancer cell lines. This was substantiated by an analysis of the activity of the peptaibol synthetase-encoding gene. Atroviridins, 20-residue peptaibols were detected using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Gram-positive bacteria were susceptible to peptaibol-containing extracts of T. atroviride O1. A synergic effect of extract constituents was possible, and the biolo-gical activity of extracts was pronounced in/after the peak of peptaibol synthetase activity. The growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was reduced to just under 10% compared to the control. The effect of peptaibol-containing extracts was strongly modulated by the lipoteichoic acid and only slightly by the horse blood serum present in the cultivation medium. Peptaibol-containing extracts affected the proliferation of human breast cancer and human ovarian cancer cell lines in a 2D model, including the multidrug-resistant sublines. The peptaibols influenced the size and compactness of the cell lines in a 3D model. Our findings indicate the molecular basis of peptaibol production in T. atroviride O1 and the potential of its peptaibol-containing extracts as antimicrobial/anticancer agents.     

马尾松毛虫防治指标的研究

<正>1983～1985年,在江苏省溧水林场对马尾松毛虫室内外取食针叶量、自然虫害和人工剪叶模拟虫害以及各种防治方法的效益等进行了测定和调查。结果表明,松毛虫自然为害与人工剪叶模拟处理对树木生长量的影响是趋于一致的。稂据松树损失针叶量与树木生长损失量的关系,提出了该地区马尾松毛虫的防治指标。     

人工介质富集微生物对藻类和藻毒素降解试验研究

采用人工介质富集微生物的方法对藻类和微囊藻毒素的生物降解进行了试验研究.中试结果表明:在水力停留时间6～7 d,源水叶绿素a为15.3～266.1μg/L条件下,人工介质对叶绿素a的去除率达59.4%.运用高效液相色谱(HPLC)对微囊藻毒素进行了检测,当进水总微囊藻毒素TMC-RR和TMC-LR分别为0.25～8.93,0.15～4.73μg/L,胞外微囊藻毒素EMC-RR和EMC-LR分别为0.13～0.68,0.02～0.11μg/L时,人工介质对TMC-RR,TMC-LR和EMC-RR,EMC-LR平均去除率分别为69.8%,93.7%,42.2%和68.4%.聚合酶链反应(PCR)电泳图谱发现,人工介质上富集有大量的假单胞菌属和芽孢杆菌属等溶藻细菌.通过人工介质富集微生物的方法可有效降解太湖水体中的藻类和微囊藻毒素.     

木荷叶蜂幼虫的正交模糊分析和空间分布格局

首创采用"模糊坐标系",运用正交设计方法调查木荷防火林带叶蜂幼虫的危害状况,并对调查结果进行模糊分析,而且用多种方法测定了该幼虫的空间分布格局.研究表明:引进模糊坐标系,与传统的直角坐标、曲线坐标或曲面坐标相比,具有使调查结果与实际更吻合和使用更灵活方便的特点;正交调查结果的模糊分析比极差分析、方差分析获得更丰富信息;木荷防火林带中叶蜂幼虫空间分布格局符合负二项分布,分布的基本成份是稀疏的个体群.研究结论与调查林带的全面实际观察是一致的.     

一株益生芽孢菌株的分子鉴定及其药敏分析

从健康土鸡盲肠中筛选出具有益生潜力的菌株Y31,利用细菌16SrDNA通用引物对其16SrRNA进行PCR扩增,得到1460bp的片段,该PCR产物序列通过Blast软件在NCBI网站中进行同源性比较,通过Mega3.1软件绘制系统发育树;同时,选择兽医临床上常用的15种抗生素,对菌株Y31进行药敏试验。结果表明,菌株Y31的16SrRNA序列与枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)的16SrRNA序列的相似性为99.6%,在系统发育树中,它们在同一分支,且遗传距离最短,确定菌株Y31为枯草芽孢杆菌;Y31菌株对氨苄西林、青霉素及诺氟沙星有很强的耐药性,对链霉素中度敏感,而对试验中的其它抗生素高度敏感。     

芽孢杆菌对西伯利亚鲟幼鱼摄食生长和消化率的影响

在配合饲料中添加不同比例(0,0.1 %,0.2 %,0.4 %,0.8 %,1.6 %)的芽孢杆菌粉剂,通过养殖生长实验和生化分析研究了芽孢杆菌不同添加量对西伯利亚鲟幼鱼摄食生长及对营养物质消化率的影响.结果表明:添加芽孢杆菌对幼鱼的日摄食率没有显著影响,但添加0.2 %的饲料组的相对增重率(F5,12=8.003 4,P=0.003 7)和特定增长率(F5,12=6.441 8,P=0.007 9)均达到最大值,且与其他组相比均达到显著差异;该组的饵料系数也最低,与其他组相比差异显著(F5,12=5.69,P=0.006 4);同时该组幼鱼对饲料营养物质消化率达到最大值.说明饲料中添加芽孢杆菌对西伯利亚鲟有一定的促生长作用,并可提高饲料的利用率及营养物质的消化率.     

林火干扰对栎类群落幼苗天然更新的影响

依据空间代替时间的方法,研究地表火干扰下不同恢复阶段栎类幼苗库的动态特征。结果表明:火后不同恢复阶段栎类群落内有木本幼苗25科37属49种,随着火烧迹地植被的恢复,乔木幼苗种类数量增多,灌木幼苗数量减少,但栎类幼苗始终占据优势;林下幼苗库的密度随恢复时间增加逐步变小,栎类幼苗密度则呈现出从高到低再升高然后变低的趋势,栎类幼苗密度在火后1年最高,平均达到(2.30±2.9)株/(10 m2);栎类幼苗密度变化出现2个过程,恢复1年与恢复5年、恢复10年与恢复15年幼苗密度之间有显著差异,但不同恢复阶段的栎类幼苗库与对照林相比没有显著差异;幼苗库不同恢复阶段的Shannon-Wiener指数(H′)之间有极显著差异。随演替时间的增加,乔木实生苗比例逐渐增加,乔木根蘖苗的比例不断减少。林火干扰对栎类Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ的幼苗高度分配和苗木转化率有显著影响,但火烧干扰对Ⅳ级以上幼苗的高度分布和转化率影响不显著。     

小球藻培养条件的研究

对影响小球藻生长的NaHCO3、NaNO3、KH2PO4、维生素等4种主要营养因素进行了优化,获得了以海水为基础的优化培养基配方:NaHCO30.10g/L,NaNO30.225g/L,KH2PO40.005g/L,pH6.0.另外,适量添加土壤浸出液和维生素也会明显提高藻的产量.流加培养可以促进小球藻生物量的增加.