Application of liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry for screening and quantitative analysis of C21 steroids in the roots and rhizomes of Cynanchum paniculatum

A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method is presented for the quantification of C21 steroids in the roots and rhizomes of Cynanchum paniculatum. Eight C21 steroids, including five steroidal aglycones and three steroidal glycosides, were simultaneously analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The extracted ion current chromatograms were extracted from the total ion current chromatogram using characteristic ions produced by target compounds for peak determination. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 reversed-phase column within 60 min, using an acetonitrile/water gradient. For comparision, six C. paniculatum samples from different locations were investigated by the established method, and the results indicated that the different geographical origin significantly influenced the C21 steroid composition. The method was observed to have the necessary sensitivity, selectivity, precision, and accuracy, and to be suitable for quality control of herbal medicines and their preparations.     

基于基数的一种快速排序算法

给出了一种基于基数的具有比传统快速排序算法性能更高的排序方法,全文给出了该算法的描述,时间/空间复杂度分析.本算法由于具有不需要关键字比较的特点而特别适用于大数据量的排序,又由于有不需要移动元素的特点而特别适用于大记录的排序工作,应用结果表明,该算法具有很高的实用价值.     

葛粉的化学成分分析

通过对葛粉中水分、氨基酸、无机元素及糖类的测定分析,认为葛粉既是粮食又是药膳,是上乘的保健疗效食品     

北沙参免疫活性多糖制备方法研究

为了确定北沙参免疫活性多糖的最佳制备方法,采用4种方法制备北沙参多糖样品,并进行体外小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖实验,对各样品进行免疫活性比较。以提取率及体外小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖率为指标,分析95%乙醇回流除去小分子、除蛋白及不同浓度醇沉等步骤的必要性,确定北沙参免疫活性多糖最佳制备方法。通过提取率及体外小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖率比较,经沸水提取、浓缩和干燥后获得的北沙参免疫活性多糖样品提取率最高,达33.15%;且该样品对小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖作用最强,在62.5 μg/mL浓度下增殖率达到33.93%。结果显示北沙参免疫活性多糖的最佳制备方法为沸水提取、浓缩并干燥即可,无需进行95%乙醇回流除去小分子、除蛋白及不同浓度醇沉等步骤。     

纹党参与白条党参红外光谱的SIMCA聚类鉴别方法研究

以纹党参和白条党参的红外光谱为聚类分析的对象,研究了红外光谱结合SIMCA聚类分析法对纹党参和白条党参进行识别与分类的可行性.选取400 ～2 000 cm~(-1)范围内的光谱,通过基线补偿(Offset)和散射校正(MSC)等预处理后,采用SIMCA聚类分析法建立识别模型.结果表明,所建模型对纹党参和白条党参的识别率分别达92%和96%,拒绝率均为100%.用盲样对所建模型进行了测试,测试结果全部正确.该法可实现对纹党参和白条党参的快速鉴别.     

Rapid quantification of iridoid glycosides analogues in the formulated Chinese medicine Longdan Xiegan Decoction using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry [corrected

Longdan Xiegan Decoction (LXD) is a formulated preparation composed of 10 ingredient herbs, with iridoids as the main bioactive components. In this study, a rapid, simple and reliable method of simultaneous determination of four iridoid glycosides in LXD using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (MS) was first developed and validated. The four iridoid glycosides references were isolated from LXD extract and purified using a preparative HPLC chromatography. The sample preparation for quantification comprised of a simple ultrasonic extraction and the satisfactory chromatographic separation of the four structurally similar iridoid glycosides was effected in less than three minutes on a CAPCELL PAK C(18) MGII column (3 microm, 100 mm x 2.0 mm), using an elution system of 10% methanol and their concentrations in different batches of LXD and ingredient herbs were simultaneously determined by HPLC-MS/MS using a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The method was validated with respect to the overall intra- and inter-day variation (RSD less than 8%) and the limits of quantification for the four iridoid glycosides were 35, 20, 37 and 33 ng/mL, respectively.     

Studies on principal components and antioxidant activity of different Radix Astragali samples using high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization multiple-stage tandem mass spectrometry

The principal components, isoflavonoids and astragalosides, in the extract of Radix Astragali were detected by a high-performance liquid chromatography couple to electrospray ionization ion trap multiple-stage tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-IT-MSⁿ) method. By comparing the retention time (t_R) of HPLC, the ESI-MSⁿ data and the structures of analyzed compounds with the data of reference compounds and in the literature, 17 isoflavonoids and 12 astragalosides have been identified or tentatively deduced. By virtue of the extracted ion chromatogram (EIC) mode, simultaneous determination of isoflavonoids and astragalosides could be achieved when the different components formed overlapped peaks. And this method has been utilized to analyze the constituents in extracts of Radix Astragali from Helong City and of different growth years. Then the antioxidant activity of different samples has been successfully investigated by HPLC-ESI-MS method in multiple selected ion monitoring (MIM) mode, applying the spin trapping technology, and the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay was applied to support the result. The correlations of the isoflavonoids and astragalosides components and the antioxidant activities of Radix Astragali were summarized. The present paper demonstrates that HPLC-ESI-MSⁿ is a powerful method for the characterization of the principal components and evaluation of the antioxidant activity of Chinese medicinal herbs.     

Determination and quantification of astragalosides in Radix Astragali and its medicinal products using LC–MS

In the present study, a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the separation and simultaneous quantification of astragalosides I–IV in samples of Radix Astragali and a medicinal product thereof (Jinqi Jiangtang tablets). Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Agilent Eclipse XDB (ODS)‐C18 column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.05% formic acid aqueous solution by use of an efficient 17‐min program. A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer was operated in positive ionization mode with multiple reaction monitoring for the detection of four astragalosides. The saponin ginsenoside Rg1 (similar structure to astralagosides) was used as an internal standard. All calibration curves showed excellent linear regressions (r² ? 0.9912) within the range of tested concentrations. The intra‐ and inter‐day variations were below 4.57% in terms of RSD. The recoveries were 94.38–103.53% with RSD of 1.39–3.58% for spiked Radix Astragali samples. The method was successfully used for the analysis of samples of Radix Astragali and Jinqi Jiangtang tablets. In conclusion, we have developed a rapid, efficient, and accurate LC–MS/MS method for the detection of astragalosides, which can be applied for quality control of Radix Astragali and related medicinal products.     

中药白芍水萃取液的吸收光谱研究

从实验和理论上研究了中药白芍水萃取液在紫外光激励下的吸收光谱及其特性。研究结果表明,白芍水萃取液在275 nm处有一个明显的特征吸收峰。分析了其产生的机理,发现其最大吸光度与白芍水萃取液的体积分数之间存在良好的线性关系,为检测白芍有效成分含量提供了一种有效的方法。     

基于声发射的超声谐振频率在线监测系统研究

采用基2FFT算法原理编制了快速傅里叶变换程序,利用计算机声卡采集数据,通过测量超声振动系统的声发射信号,实现了超声振动系统谐振频率的在线实时监测。该系统为评价超声加工效果,分析加工过程中的力及其他加工参数对振动系统的影响提供了手段。