三相三维电极反应器电解处理酸性橙7模拟废水研究

采用三相三维电极反应器对酸性橙7（Acid Orange 7，A07）模拟废水进行电解处理实验研究．结果表明，在连续5次实验后，AO7模拟废水在该体系中可以达到稳定的处理效果，且线性拟合数据表明脱色率、CODcr，和TOC去除率均能较好地符合一级动力学规律．与二维电极体系相比，三相三维电极体系有利于H2O2类电化学活性物质的生成，因而具有更好的处理效果，其脱色率和CODcr，去除率均可提高30％以上．通过UV—Vis法对AO7在三相三维体系电解过程中的变化进行分析，初步探讨了其降解机理．     

亚硒酸根离子选择电极的研制及应用

本文以4,6-二溴代苤硒脑为活性物质,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯为增塑剂,PVC为支持体研制了亚硒酸根离子选择性电极.电极对硒(Ⅳ)的响应范围为3.2×10~(-6)～1.0×10~(-1)mol硒(Ⅳ)/L,斜率为-23.6mV(21℃),检测限为1.0×10~(-6)mol硒(Ⅳ)/L.     

Co(Ⅱ)-NaCl体系在悬汞电极上的还原机理

用恒流计时电位法和循环电位扫描法研究了Co(Ⅱ)-NaCl体系在悬汞电极上的还原动力学,确定了过程存在着前置转化反应,电荷传递为单电子过程.中间价态离子Co(Ⅰ)很不稳定,以岐化反应方式很快分解.前置转化反应的正向速度常数k_1’=2.85dm~3·mol~(-1)·S~(-1),逆向速度常数k’_(-1)=7.15S(-1).过程的动力学参数αn=0.46—0.52,n=1,R_S=1—3×10~(-10)cm·S~(-1).     

Anderson结构钼系过渡金属稀土盐的合成与性质研究

首次合成了具有Ａｎｄｅｒｓｏｎ结构的稀土元素钼系化合物,通式为Ｌｎ「ＸＭｏ６Ｏ２４Ｈ６」·ｎＨ２Ｏ（Ｌｎ＝Ｌａ,Ｃｅ,Ｐｒ,Ｎｄ,Ｇｄ;Ｘ＝Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）,Ｃｏ（Ⅲ）,Ｎｉ（Ⅱ）,Ｚｎ（Ⅱ）;ｎ＝７￣１０）,此类化合物属Ａｎｄｅｒｓｏｎ结构的Ｂ型,其特点是杂原子与６个－ＯＨ相连形成八面体,通过ＩＣＰ、ＩＲ、ＵＶ、ＣＶ等方法对产物的性质进行了表征,电化学实验结果表明：杂原子为Ｃｏ（Ⅲ）的稀土盐对玻碳电极     

针辊式高压静电分选机电晕极结构优化

为提高针辊式高压静电分选机的分选效率,须寻求最佳的电晕极结构. 利用自制针辊式高压静电分选机,固定针辊距离为d=50 mm,进行针辊放电实验. 通过调整电晕电压、放电针间距及长短针排列方式,探讨分选电场分布规律,对针结构进行优化. 结果表明,放电效果随针间距减小会出现先增强后减弱的过程,当针间距为12 mm时达到最大值;在最佳针间距下,将针的长度按30 mm-15 mm-30 mm的方式排列,得到了更好的放电效果,转辊表面电荷量在15 kV时可提高33%;应用Matlab软件,模拟了不同针间距对放电的影响,为静电分选机的优化设计提供了依据.      

存在反应的电解质溶液相平衡研究

从应用的角度出发,对电解质溶液模型、相平衡计算的现状与发展进行了简要的回顾,并系统地介绍和讨论了作者在这方面的工作。指出对Pitzer模型和作者提出的电解质溶液水化平衡模型建立各自相应的普遍化温度关系,结合所提出的固液平衡级计算方法,可以预测工业过程所涉度的高温、高压、高浓度范围内复杂体系的热力学性质,解决此类过程集成模拟优化的瓶颈问题。此外。还介绍了离子选择性电极测定弱电解质体系热力学的方法。     

Electrochemical Immunoassay for Tumor Marker CA19-9 Detection Based on Self-Assembled Monolayer

A CA19-9 electrochemical immunosensor was constructed using a hybrid self-assembled membrane modified with a gold electrode and applied to detect real samples. Hybrid self-assembled membranes were selected for electrode modification and used to detect antigens. First, the pretreated working electrodes were placed in a 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA)/β-mercaptoethanol (ME) mixture for 24 h for self-assembly. The electrodes were then placed in an EDC/NHS mixture for 1 h. Layer modification was performed by stepwise dropwise addition of CA19-9 antibody, BSA, and antigen. Differential pulse voltammetry was used to characterize this immunosensor preparation process. The assembled electrochemical immunosensor enables linear detection in the concentration range of 0.05–500 U/mL of CA19-9, and the detection limit was calculated as 0.01 U/mL. The results of the specificity measurement test showed that the signal change of the interfering substance was much lower than the response value of the detected antigen, indicating that the sensor has good specificity and strong anti-interference ability. The repeatability test results showed that the relative standard deviations were less than 5%, showing good accuracy and precision. The CA19-9 electrochemical immunosensor was used for the actual sample detection, and the experimental results of the standard serum addition method showed that the RSD values of the test concentrations were all less than 10%. The recoveries were 102.4–115.0%, indicating that the assay has high precision, good accuracy, and high potential application value.     

纳米氢氧化钴修饰碳糊电极检测百菌清及其量化计算和交流阻抗

百菌清是一种高效、低毒的有机氯杀菌剂,对多种作物的真菌病害有良好的预防作用;由于其可以黏附在植物上或经过植物进入饮用水中,因此对人类健康产生潜在危害。运用微分脉冲伏安(DPV)方法通过修饰碳糊电极检测了百菌清。首先运用电化学方法将氢氧化钴恒电位沉积到碳糊电极表面。在电极电压的作用下,百菌清分子被萃取到电极表面,百菌清与氢氧化钴相互作用形成络合物,在-0. 66 V处得到一个还原峰。还原峰电流与随扫速呈一次方正增长关系,证明还原过程受吸附控制。吸附过程满足Temkin等温吸附模型,反应ΔG_r为-3 929. 94 k J/mol,可以自发进行。运用量化计算和交流阻抗的方法探究了反应过程,计算所得结果与电化学实验所得结果相一致。因此可以用该体系来检测百菌清。还原峰电流与百菌清浓度的对数在3. 333×10~(-5)～3. 333×10~(-12)mol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限信噪比(S/N=3)达到3. 333×10~(-12)mol/L。该方法具有较好的选择性;用于污水中百菌清的检测,其结果令人满意。     

Present status and future prospect of design of Pt–cerium oxide electrodes for fuel cell applications

In the research field of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, the design of electrocatalytic activities on Pt-oxide promoter in the anode side has attracted attention for improvement of CO tolerance of Pt in anode side and a lowering of large over-potential loss of the oxygen reduction reaction on the cathode in the fuel cells. In the Pt-oxide promoter series, Pt–CeOx/C is one of the unique systems. It is because the unique behavior of CeOx such as electrochemical redox reaction between Ce3t and Ce4t in the anodic and cathodic reactions of fuel cell is observed. The present short review gives an overview of the recent works for improvement of the CO tolerance of Pt in the Pt–CeOx/C anodes and enhancement of the oxygen reduction reaction activity on Pt in the Pt–CeOx/C cathodes for fuel cell application. To show the design paradigm for fabrication of high quality Pt–CeOx/C electrodes, the authors re-introduced parts of our research results to highlight the important role of interface structure of Pt–CeOx based on the ultimate analysis results. The usefulness of the combined approach of microanalysis and the processing route design is presented.     

The Orion Water-Hardness Electrode: An Unexpected Response to Magnesium Ion

Abstract

The Orion water-hardness electrode, while being used to measure magnesium ion activity in a series of calcium-free solutions, displayed some unanticipated changes in potential. As the overall potential change observed for one solution was 183 mV (equivalent to more than six orders of magnitude changes in magnesium-ion activity), several precautions are suggested which should be observed when using this electrode for specific purposes. In particular, it is recommended that the exchanger be pre-equilibrated with an appropriate solution if the electrode is to be used in restricted systems of known chemical composition.