Process Engineering for Production of Chiral Hydroxycarboxylic Acids from Bacterial Polyhydroxyalkanoates

An efficient process for the production of (R)‐hydroxycarboxylic acids (RHAs) from polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) was developed. It involved the synthesis of PHA in bacteria, followed by bringing the culture broth directly to a pH optimal for in vivo PHA degradation, thus avoiding cell collection by centrifugation and pellet resuspension. The optimal pH was maintained to allow maximal release of RHAs. Using this process, cells having a dry weight (w) of 1.8 g · L⁻¹ and 45% (w/w) PHA exhibited a linear PHA degradation rate of about 0.059 g · L⁻¹ · h⁻¹ in the first 9 h. Concomitantly, RHAs were released with a rate of 0.057 g · L⁻¹ · h⁻¹. Further incubation of up to 15 h resulted in almost 90% (w/w) degradation of PHA. Based on this approach in combination with chemostat and a plug flow reactor a continuous process for the production of RHAs could be achieved.

     

类产碱假单胞菌谷氨酸脱氢酶酶学性质的研究

类产碱假单胞菌的谷氨酸脱氢酶水平受氮源调节,以氮为唯一氮源时酶水平有明显提高,研究表明,该酶的最适反应温度为５０℃,催化氢化反应和脱氨反应的最适ｐＨ值分别为８．０和８．８,金属离子及嘌呤核苷酸对酶活力的影响不显著。     

降解甲醛的假单胞菌菌株的固定化研究

从印染厂采集的活性污泥中筛选得到1株快速降解甲醛的菌株并命名为 W1,通过形态与生理生化特征的鉴定,初步鉴定 W1菌株为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)．以海藻酸钠为包埋载体固定 W1菌株进行降解甲醛的初步研究,采用不同海藻酸钠浓度、菌悬液添加量配制成不同的包埋载体,利用 L9(33)正交试验对 W1菌株降解甲醛条件进行优化,分析其甲醛降解率的变化．实验结果表明：培养基为(NH4)2 SO42．4 g/L, MgSO4?7H2 O 0．2 g/L,微量元素母液0．1 mL,pH 值9．0,30℃恒温培养,在此条件下甲醛48h内的降解率达80．3％．通过对甲醛降解菌 W1固定化的研究,为生物法去除甲醛的应用奠定基础．     

金属离子对荧光单假胞菌P13生长及抗真菌素合成的影响

以油菜菌核病菌为供试病原菌,探讨11种金属离子对荧光假单胞菌P13的生长及拮抗能力的影响．结果表明,金属离子均对P13的生物量以及抗生素的合成产生一定的影响．与对照相比,金属离子在0．002mol／L的浓度下,Ag^＋,Cr^3＋,Ni^＋能强烈抑制该菌的生长;Ca^2＋,Ti^3＋,Fe^3＋有微弱的促生作用;Al^3＋能强烈抑制P13抗生素的合成,Ca^2＋和Fe^3＋则明显促进抗生素的合成．在不同浓度的Ca^2＋和Fe^3＋下,0．003mol／L的Ca^2＋促进P13的相对效价提高到267％．0．003mol／L的Ca^2＋与0．001mol／L Fe^3＋共同使用时P13的效价增加到291％,说明Ca^2＋和Fe^3＋对P13抗真菌素合成有协同作用．     

Antibacterial Screening of Isoespintanol,an Aromatic Monoterpene Isolated from Oxandra xylopioides Diels

The incidence of nosocomial infections, as well as the high mortality and drug resistance expressed by nosocomial pathogens, especially in immunocompromised patients, poses significant medical challenges. Currently, the efficacy of plant compounds with antimicrobial potential has been reported as a promising alternative therapy to traditional methods. Isoespintanol (ISO) is a monoterpene with high biological activity. Using the broth microdilution method, the antibacterial activity of ISO was examined in 90 clinical isolates, which included 14 different species: (Escherichia coli (38), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12), Klebsiella pneumoniae (13), Acinetobacter baumannii (3), Proteus mirabilis (7), Staphylococcus epidermidis (3), Staphylococcus aureus (5), Enterococcus faecium (1), Enterococcus faecalis (1), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (2), Citrobacter koseri (2), Serratia marcescens (1), Aeromonas hydrophila (1), and Providencia rettgeri (1). MIC₉₀ minimum inhibitory concentration values ranged from 694.3 to 916.5 µg/mL and MIC₅₀ values from 154.2 to 457.3 µg/mL. The eradication of mature biofilms in P. aeruginosa after 1 h of exposure to ISO was between 6.6 and 77.4%, being higher in all cases than the percentage of biofilm eradication in cells treated with ciprofloxacin, which was between 4.3 and 67.5%. ISO has antibacterial and antibiofilm potential against nosocomial bacteria and could serve as an adjuvant in the control of these pathogens.     

假单胞菌株M18分泌羧基吩嗪抑制黄瓜枯萎病害

设计并应用新的高效筛选程序,从植物根际土壤分离出同时具有促进植物生长和抑制黄瓜枯萎病害的假单胞菌株Ｍ１８。它对黄瓜幼苗的根系具有明显的促进作用,在培养皿中,Ｍ１８能有效地抑制黄瓜枯萎病菌以及多种其它植物病原菌丝体的生长,经Ｍ１８活菌浸种处理秦黄瓜种子并在大棚内浇灌定植后的粮际土壤,与对照相比,黄瓜枯萎病的株发病率降低７０％－８０％,霜霉病的发病率和病情指数都同时平均下降,７０％左右,黄瓜产量提高％以上,Ｍ１８的生物防治效果达到极显著程度,对培养液中纯化的抗真菌物质进行光谱分析和ＬＣ－ＭＣ测定的结果表明,Ｍ１８是一株产羧基吩嗪的假单胞菌。     

Effect of Pseudomonas moorei KB4 Cells’ Immobilisation on Their Degradation Potential and Tolerance towards Paracetamol

Pseudomonas moorei KB4 is capable of degrading paracetamol, but high concentrations of this drug may cause an accumulation of toxic metabolites. It is known that immobilisation can have a protective effect on bacterial cells; therefore, the toxicity and degradation rate of paracetamol by the immobilised strain KB4 were assessed. Strain KB4 was immobilised on a plant sponge. A toxicity assessment was performed by measuring the concentration of ATP using the colony-forming unit (CFU) method. The kinetic parameters of paracetamol degradation were estimated using the Hill equation. Toxicity analysis showed a protective effect of the carrier at low concentrations of paracetamol. Moreover, a pronounced phenomenon of hormesis was observed in the immobilised systems. The obtained kinetic parameters and the course of the kinetic curves clearly indicate a decrease in the degradation activity of cells after their immobilisation. There was a delay in degradation in the systems with free cells without glucose and immobilised cells with glucose. However, it was demonstrated that the immobilised systems can degrade at least ten succeeding cycles of 20 mg/L paracetamol degradation. The obtained results indicate that the immobilised strain may become a useful tool in the process of paracetamol degradation.     

A nanosized Ag-silica hybrid complex prepared by γ-irradiation activates the defense response in Arabidopsis

Silver nanoparticles have antimicrobial activity against many pathogenic microbes. Here, the preparation of a nanosized Ag-silica hybrid complex (NSS) prepared by γ-irradiation is described. The effects of both NSS and reduced Ag nanoparticles (Ag⁰) on the growth of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana were tested. The application of 1-10 ppm NSS complex improved Arabidopsis growth in soil, whereas 100 ppm NSS resulted in weakly curled leaves. In addition, supplementation of Murashige and Skoog (MS) growth medium with 1 ppm NSS promoted the root growth of Arabidopsis seedlings, but root growth was inhibited by supplementation with 10 ppm NSS. To investigate whether the NSS complex could induce plant defense responses, the expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes that are implicated in systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in Arabidopsis plants was examined. PR1, PR2 and PR5 were significantly up-regulated by each application of 10 ppm NSS complex or Ag⁰ to the rosette leaves. Furthermore, pretreatment with the NSS complex induced more pathogen resistance to the virulent pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst) compared to water treatment in Arabidopsis plants.